Timeline of US Hegemony

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Revision as of 01:40, 21 July 2019 by imported>PoliticalAustralian

Note: We acknowledge that occasionally, US Imperialism CAN have benefits (for instance, killing Nazis) and we do not support all groups opposed to US Imperialism. The US is also not behind every event in global politics, they are an empire but not omnipotent. However, we strongly condemn US Imperialism as most of it leads to loss of life and the underdevelopment of countries, condemning hundreds of millions to a life of poverty.

A timeline of the actions taken by the United States Government in order to secure greater power and wealth at the expense of people, both its own and abroad. We include authoritarian regimes and dictatorships supported by the US, coups supported by the US, interference in elections, invasions, suppression of rebellions (domestic and abroad), bombing campaigns and support for terrorist or guerilla groups.

1700s

1770s

1780s

  • 1783: The US drives the British Empire out of its territory, despite promising 'life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness the US still denies most people the right to vote (only granting it to the bourgeoisie), retains the institution of slavery, represses the rights of women and LGBT people, invades and wipes out indigenous nations and ensures the permanent control of the country by a wealthy elite.[4]
  • 1785: The US invades the Western Confederacy, an alliance of 13 indigenous nations, in order to expand US control of land.[5]
  • 1786: The US represses a group of former soldiers who were disillusioned at the failure of the American Revolution to create a free society and attempted to start another revolution. The new soldiers push for direct democracy, land reform and lower taxes.[6]

1790s

  • 1791: The US represses former soldiers and farmers of the American Revolution who were angry that they were being taxed without representation.[7]
  • 1798: The US begins to attack the ships of their former allies in Revolutionary France to avoid paying legal debts. Siding with the British Empire despite saying they'd help the French Revolution.[8]
  • 1799: The US represses farmers who were angry that they were being taxed without representation.[9]

1800s

  • 1876: The US begins to support the authoritarian Porfiriato regime in Mexico,
  • 1898: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Guatemala (ending in 1920)

1900s

  • 1904: The US military takes control of Dominican Republic customs houses by force to collect on international debts, forcing the Dominican Republic to sign a treaty guaranteeing debt payments.[10]
  • 1908: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Venezuela (which ends in 1935)

1910s

  • 1911: The US stops supporting the authoritarian Porfiriato regime after the Mexican Revolution overthrows the government by forcing Porfirio to flee for Spain.
  • 1912: The US invades Nicaragua and occupies the country for 21 years, making it a haven for US corporations.[11]
  • 1914: The US military seizes the gold reserves of Haiti after US banks request it.[12]
  • 1915: The US invades Haiti and occupies the country for 19 years, taking control of their banks and custom houses and ensuring the country becomes a haven for US corporations.[13]
  • 1916: The US invades the Dominican Republic and occupies the country for 8 years, making it a haven for US corporations.[14]
  • 1918: The US lands 13,000 soldiers at various points in the Russian Civil War, notably in the Siberian Intervention and the North Russia Intervention alongside the British Empire, Japanese Empire, France, Serbia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Canada and China in order to prop up the Whites and ensure the failure of the October Revolution, these fail and the US withdraws the next year.[15]

1920s

  • 1929: The US begins to support the authoritarian 'socialist' regime in Mexico, for the next 71 years.

1930s

  • 1930: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in the Dominican Republic (ending in 1961 with a US-backed coup)
  • 1931: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Guatemala (ending in 1944 with a popular uprising)
  • 1932: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in El Salvador (which ends in 1944 due to a confusing uprising)
  • 1932: A peasant rebellion, led by Farabundo Martí, challenges the authority of the government. 10,000 to 40,000 communist rebels, many indigenous, are systematically murdered by the regime of military leader Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, the nation’s acting president. The United States and Great Britain, having bankrolled the nation’s economy and owning the majority of its export-oriented coffee plantations and railways, send naval support to quell the rebellion.
  • 1933: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Honduras (which ends in 1949 in response to uprisings in surrounding countries)
  • 1933: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Portugal (which ends in 1974)
  • 1936: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Nicaragua (which ends in 1979 in response to a popular uprising)

1940s

  • 1944: The US supports the anti-communists in the Greek Civil War in order to stop a successful socialist revolution (which had driven out the Nazis). The damage is so severe that 8% of the population is killed (178,000 people), 2000 villages are completely destroyed, and the entire countries cars and ship fleets are destroyed.[16] Even in the midst of World War II (in the first phase), the US and Britain invade Greece to fight anti-fascist forces, using soldiers and equipment that could've been used against Nazi Germany or to liberate the victims of the Holocaust...but...no.[17]
  • 1945: The US drops two nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Whether this was done to force a Japanese surrender and prevent a brutal land invasion of Japan or to intimidate the USSR from taking Korea and Japan remains controversial to this day.[18]
  • 1945: The US begins to support the Kuomintang (now holding many former Japanese soldiers and collaborators) with the resumption of the Chinese Civil War, transporting and training 500,000 Kuomingtang soldiers by ship and plane across China, and deploying 100,000 US soldiers to across the country to guard key US installations and assist the Kuomingtang. The US carries out bombings and attacks on pro-communist villages, and even attempts to assassinate key military commanders to prevent a communist victory, the effort fails and the US has to withdraw forces in 1949.[19]
  • 1945: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Saudi Arabia (which continues to this day)
  • 1948: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Thailand (which ended in 1973)
  • 1948: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Peru (which ended in 1956)
  • 1948: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in South Korea (which ended in 1988)
  • 1948: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in South Africa (which ended in 1994)
  • 1948: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Yugoslavia (which ended in 1980)
  • 1949: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Syria (which ended in 1953)
  • 1949: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Taiwan (which ends in 1975)
  • 1948: The US interferes in Italian elections to prevent the victory of a socialist coalition, freezing loans and aid to the country to blackmail the government into dismissing left-wing ministers, as a reward for the eventual dismiss, the US cancels the massive debt Italy owes. The US also funds churches, radio stations, newspapers and letter writing campaigns to constantly broadcast anti-communist messages, docking naval ships in Italian ports to intimidate the country (implying an invasion will occur if communists take power) and threatening to cut off food aid. These measures continue (in lighter forms) for the next 24 years, and the Christian Democrats become so powerful they win all elections until 1994 (acting as a US-client state) until it is exposed how corrupt they are.[20]
  • 1949: The US continues to aid exiled Kuomingtang forces in northern Myanmar (numbering 12,000) that ignore Myanmar's demand that they leave (they stay and threaten to attack any forces that come in, effectively becoming a warlord state). The US helps fly in troops, supplies and weapons, also sending combat advisors. The Kuomingtang soon turn to drug trafficking and the regions they control becomes the largest producer of heroin and opium in the world. The US helps them carry out several attempted invasions of southern China, killing thousands of people. Eventually, a joint Chinese-Myanmar operation forces the army to leave in 1961...[19]

1950s

  • 1950: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Venezuela (which ends in 1958 due to a popular uprising)
  • 1950: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Spain (which ends in 1975)
  • 1952: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Cuba (which ends in 1959 due to the Cuban Revolution)
  • 1953: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Iran (which ends in 1979 due to a popular uprising)
  • 1954: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Guatemala (which ends in 1986)
  • 1954: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Jordan (which continues to this day)
  • 1954: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Paraguay (which ends in 1989)
  • 1955: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in South Vietnam (which ends in 1963)
  • 1957: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Haiti (which ended in 1986)
  • 1958: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Pakistan (which ends in 1969 due to a popular uprising)
  • 1959: Singapore is granted self-government by the British Empire, and the US quickly starts to support the centre-right People's Action Party, who works to create an authoritarian regime in the country.[21] Some notable achievements like censorship of the media, mass surveillance, arrest without trial, restrictions on protest, conscription, abuse of migrant workers, human trafficking and the criminalisation of homosexuality.[22]

1960s

  • 1963: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Honduras (which ends in 1982)
  • 1963: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Iraq (which ends in 1967)
  • 1964: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Brazil (which ends in 1984)
  • 1964: The US begins to support the Mexican government in their 18-year long 'Dirty War' that kills 3,000 people and tortures 7,000. Notable events include the Tlatelolco Massacre and the Corpus Christi Massacre.[23]
  • 1965: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in the Philippines (which ends in 1985 due to a popular uprising)
  • 1965: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in the Democratic Republic of Congo (which ended in 1997)
  • 1967: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Indonesia (which ends in 1998 due to a popular uprising)
  • 1967: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Greece (which ends in 1974)
  • 1967: The US bullies the Canadian government into supporting US foreign policy.
  • 1968: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Panama (which ends in 1981)
  • 1969: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Pakistan (which ends in 1971)
  • 1969: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Sudan (which ends in 1985)
  • 1969: The US begins to provide support for the authoritarian regime in Romania, encouraging US investment and cheap loans to the country and offering diplomatic support due to Romania's increasing distance from the USSR.[24] This is with full knowledge of the fact that the regime had killed between 500,000 and 2,000,000 people from 1945 - 1989,[25] had banned abortion,[26] discriminated against romani people and the US put pressure to pay back loans led to austerity led to regular electrical blackouts and food shortages.[27]

1970s

  • 1970: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Oman,[28] ignoring Oman's systemic abuse of human rights such as the 26,000 people in slavery (in a country of 4.4 million people), censorship of the media, torture of political dissidents (including mock executions, beating, hooding, solitary confinement, subjection to extremes of temperature and to constant noise, abuse and humiliation), criminalisation of LGBT people, repression of women's rights (until the 2010s) and a complete lack of freedom of speech and a democratic government.[29]
  • 1970: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Cambodia (which ends in 1975)
  • 1971: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in United Arab Emirates (which continues to this day)
  • 1971: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Bolivia (which ends in 1978)
  • 1972: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Qatar (which continues to this day)
  • 1973: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Uruguay (which ends in 1985)
  • 1973: The US supports two attempted coups working with far-right tribal leaders (and Iran and Pakistan) to overthrow the leftist government in Afghanistan. Although the government survives, it begins cracking down on the left, and the US begins to support it.
  • 1973: In response to efforts to nationalise the copper industry and introduce a limited degree of workers' self-management, the US helps the military overthrow the democratic government in Chile and strongly supports a new, brutal and highly repressive regime.[30]
  • 1974: After the Carnation Revolution sees Portugal moving towards land reform, a high minimum wage, nationalisation and workers' control of industry the US begins to subvert the country for the next two years. Over the next two years, the US funds media opposition and rival trade unions, sabotages the economy through manipulation of credit, financing right-wing politicians and performing large NATO naval and air exercises to intimidate the country (showing it will invade).[31]
  • 1976: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Argentina (which ends in 1983)
  • 1978: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Pakistan (which ends in 1988)
  • 1978: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Somalia (which ends in 1991)
  • 1979: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Equatorial Guinea (which continues to this day)

1980s

  • 1980: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Liberia (which ended in 1990)
  • 1980: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Turkey (which ended in 1989)
  • 1981: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Egypt (which ended in 2011 with the Arab Spring)
  • 1982: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Cameroon (which continues to this day)
  • 1982: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Chad (which continues to this day)
  • 1982: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Iraq (which ended in 1990)
  • 1983: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Panama (which ends in 1989)
  • 1984: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Brunei (which continues to this day)
  • 1986: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Uganda (which continues to this day)
  • 1987: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Tunisia.
  • 1987: The US (along with France) sponsors a military coup in Burkina Faso, killing Thomas Sankara and reversing his progress in land redistribution, women's rights, healthcare, agricultural productivity, infrastructure building, poverty reduction and reducing government corruption.[32] Ensuring that yet another African nation is condemned to poverty, and the threat of a successful non-capitalist nation is stamped out.

1990s

  • 1990: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Uzbekistan (which ends in 2016)
  • 1990: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Kyrgyzstan (which ends in 2005)
  • 1990: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Yemen (which ends in 2012)
  • 1991: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Azerbaijan (which continues to this day)
  • 1991: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Ethiopia (which ended in 2012)
  • 1992: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Kazakhstan (which continues to this day)
  • 1992: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Peru (which ended in 2000)
  • 1994: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Tajikistan (which continues to this day)
  • 1996: The US uses the NED to ensure an anti-communist victory in Mongolia by funding media groups and organisations in the country. In return for the favour, the Mongolian government allowed for the US to set up electronic listening posts and use as a base to send spies into China. Additionally, neoliberal reforms were introduced, privatised much of the countries housing and wiping out the safety net set up by the MPP. These led to the economy contracting by 21.5% (The USA's GDP went down by 30% in the Great Depression) and widespread poverty.[33]
  • 1999: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Bahrain (which continues to this day)
  • 1999: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Djibouti (which continues to this day)
  • 1999: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Pakistan (which ends in 2008)

2000s

  • 2000: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Rwanda (which continues to this day)
  • 2006: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Turkmenistan (which continues to this day)
  • 2006: The US interferes in the peace negotiations in the aftermath of the Nepalese Civil War to prolong it long enough to re-ignite it, encouraging further violence against communists.[34]

2010s

  • 2010: The US uses its link to trade unions, political parties and the media in Australia to force Kevin Rudd, the Australian prime minister, out of office due to his reluctance to support further US support and pursuing closer ties with China.[35][36]
  • 2011: The US begins supporting the authoritarian 'socialist regime in Vietnam.
  • 2012: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Egypt (which continues to this day)
  • 2014: The US begins to support the authoritarian regime in Thailand (which continues to this day)

References

  1. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War
  2. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars
  3. ↑ Ray Raphael (2002) - A People's History of the American Revolution: How Common People Shaped the Fight for Independence, page 272
  4. ↑ Howard Zinn (2003) - A People's History of the United States
  5. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War
  6. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shays%27_Rebellion
  7. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion
  8. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-War
  9. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fries%27s_Rebellion
  10. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Affair
  11. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua
  12. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti#Causes
  13. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti
  14. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%9324)
  15. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War
  16. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Greece#World_War_II
  17. ↑ William Blum (1990) - Killing Hope: Greece 1947 to early 1950s, From cradle of democracy to client state
  18. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 William Blum (1990) - Killing Hope
  20. ↑ William Blum (1990) - Killing Hope: Italy 1947-1948 Free elections, Hollywood style
  21. ↑ Lynn Kuok (2016): The U.S.-Singapore Partnership: A Critical Elementof U.S. Engagement and Stability in the Asia-Pacific
  22. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Singapore
  23. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War_(Mexico)
  24. ↑ Chicago Tribute (1989) - CEAUSESCU`S ROMANIA WAS ONCE A PET OF U.S.
  25. ↑ BBC (2006) - Romania exposes communist crimes
  26. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania#Human_rights_issues
  27. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania#1980s:_severe_rationing
  28. ↑ https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-oman/#relations
  29. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman
  30. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change#1973:_Chile
  31. ↑ William Blum (2005) - Rogue State
  32. ↑ Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Burkinab%C3%A9_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
  33. ↑ William Blum (2005) - Rogue State
  34. ↑ Nepal: WikiLeaks reveals US intervention against peace process
  35. ↑ The Sydney Morning Herald (2010) - Arbib revealed as secret US source
  36. ↑ World Socialist Website (2010) - Australia: WikiLeaks cables reveal secret ties between Rudd coup plotters and US embassy
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