Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism: Difference between revisions

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=== The First Wave, 1868–1894: The Rise of the Broad Anarchist/Syndicalist Movement in the Era of State and Capitalist Expansion ===
=== The First Wave, 1868–1894: The Rise of the Broad Anarchist/Syndicalist Movement in the Era of State and Capitalist Expansion ===
Events covered include the:
Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:
* [[French Revolution]]
* [[French Revolution]]
* [[Enragés]]
* [[Enragés]]
Line 44: Line 44:


=== The Second Wave, 1895–1923: Consolidation of Syndicalism and Specific Anarchist Organisation in a Time of War and Reaction ===
=== The Second Wave, 1895–1923: Consolidation of Syndicalism and Specific Anarchist Organisation in a Time of War and Reaction ===
Events covered include the:
Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:
* [[National Labour Secretariat (Netherlands)]]
* [[National Labour Secretariat (Netherlands)]]
* [[Federation of Freedom-loving Communists (Netherlands)]]
* [[Federation of Freedom-loving Communists (Netherlands)]]
Line 139: Line 139:
* [[Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups (Russia)]]
* [[Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups (Russia)]]
* [[Black Guards (Russia)]]
* [[Black Guards (Russia)]]
* [[Villa Durnova Commune]]
* [[Villa Durnova Commune]] (Russia)
* [[Kronstadt Commune]]pSn
* [[Kronstadt Commune]] (Russia)
While the self-described anarchist/syndicalist movement in
* [[Spanish Revolution]]
Russia, barring the critical exception of the PACF and the anarchist
* [[Great Global Revolt]]
tendency within the Kronstadt Soviet, failed to grasp the bull of power
* [[German Revolution]]
by the horns—in part because they never managed to achieve critical mass
* [[Munich Soviet Republic]] (Germany)
<nowiki> </nowiki>among the popular classes as in the Ukraine, the Makhnovist strategy of
* [[Italian Syndicalist Union]]
<nowiki> </nowiki>combining flexible military daring with a libertarian praxis of
* [[Free Workers’ Union of Germany]]
pluralistic internal democracy, and submitting the whole to civilian
* [[Committee for the Defence of Revolutionary Syndicalism (France)]]
plenums, thereby liberating (for a time at least) a shifting territory
* [[General Confederation of Labour Unitaire]] (France)
with some 7 million inhabitants, made the Ukrainian Revolution the most
* [[Dielo Truda]]
holistic of the anarchist social experiments, despite the dire and
* [[Platformism]]
continually-shifting circumstances of the war, which prevented it from
* [[Synthesis Anarchism]]
achieving the continuity of the later Spanish Revolution. Both the
* [[Iberian Anarchist Federation]]
Ukrainian and Russian Revolutions, defended so bravely by the anarchist
forces from the assaults of the imperialists, indigenous nationalists,
and pro-monarchist Whites, were mercilessly put down by the Bolsheviks.
By the time the Global Revolt finally collapsed, with the last gasp of
the failed 1918–1923 German Revolution, during which libertarian
councillist praxis—the Munich Soviet in particular—had been tested and
found wanting, the world was a totally changed place. The First World
War and the Spanish Influenza epidemic had wiped out an entire
generation, the Conservative counter-revolution was in full swing, the
Chinese, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires had collapsed, and
<nowiki> </nowiki>had been replaced by a constellation of fragile nation-states in which
right-wing nationalism ran rampant, and technological innovations like
steamships, tanks, aircraft, the telephone, and the automobile had
shrunk the world. All of this took place while Fascism and statist
Marxist “communism” (or, rather, authoritarian state-capitalism) were
deluding the working class with false alternatives to capitalism.
 
And yet, the Second Wave transformed anarchism into a truly
global phenomenon, with sizeable mass anarchist organisations fighting
the class war from Costa Rica to China, Portugal to Paraguay, and Sweden
<nowiki> </nowiki>to South Africa. Furthermore, global anarcho- and revolutionary
syndicalism was drawn together in the International Workers’ Association
<nowiki> </nowiki>(IWA), founded in Berlin in 1922, a reformation of the libertarian wing
<nowiki> </nowiki>of the First International, and representing between 1.5 million and 2
million revolutionary workers globally.72 In 1922, the IWA’s largest
sections were the Italian Syndicalist Union (USI) with half a million
members, the Argentine FORA, with some 200,000 members, the General
Confederation of Labour (CGT) of Portugal, with 150,000 members, the
Free Workers’ Union of Germany (FAUD), with 120,000 members, and the
Committee for the Defence of Revolutionary Syndicalism (CDSR) in France,
<nowiki> </nowiki>which had taken 100,000 members away from the now irrevocably reformist
<nowiki> </nowiki>CGT, which had peaked at 2.5–million members, most of them white-collar
<nowiki> </nowiki>workers far removed from the blue-collar origins of the CGT (one of the
<nowiki> </nowiki>ironies of this period is that when the CDSR founded the CGT Unitaire  
(CGTU) in 1921 as a revolutionary rival to the CGT, the new federation
attracted Senegalese sailors who had abandoned the Marxists in 1919
after a failed strike). Minor anarcho-syndicalist organisations present
at the founding of the IWA came from Czechoslovakia, Mexico, Norway, and
<nowiki> </nowiki>Sweden, as well as the Chilean IWW (while most other branches of the
IWW were closely sympathetic, they never joined the new international).
 
=== The Third Wave, 1924–1949: The Anarchist Revolutions Against Imperialism, Fascism, and Bolshevism ===
=== The Third Wave, 1924–1949: The Anarchist Revolutions Against Imperialism, Fascism, and Bolshevism ===
Events covered include the:
Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:
* [[Federation of Anarchist-Communist Groups of Poland and Lithuania]]
* [[Anarchist Federation of Poland]]
* [[General Workers’ Federation (Poland)]]
* [[Polish Syndicalist Union]]
* [[Warsaw Uprising (1944)|Warsaw Uprising]] (Poland)
* The movement became involved in localised insurrections in 1874 and 187
* [[Italian Workers’ Party (1882)]]
* [[Revolutionary Anarchist Socialist Party (Italy)]]
* [[Bienno Rosso]]
* Union of Communist Anarchists of Italy
* Italian Anarchist Union
* Free Association of German Trade Unions
* German Anarchist Federation
* Federation of Communist Anarchists of Germany
* Free Workers Union of Germany
* General Labour Union - Unity Organisation (Germany)
* East Asian Anarchist Federation
* Korean Anarchist Federation
* Korean Youth Federation in South China
* Continental Workingmen’s Association (USA)
* Shinmin Autonomous Region
* Korean Anarchist Communist Federation
* Korean Anarchist Federation in Manchuria
* Korean People’s Association in Manchuria
* Liberation Army of the South
* Chuan Yung People’s Training Centre
* Spanish Revolution
* [[National Confederation of Labour (Spain)|National Confederation of Labour]] ([[Spain]])
* Zaragoza Conference (1936)
* Iberian Anarchist Federation
* Libertarian Youth Federation of Iberia
* Durruti Column
* Nabat
* Kronstadt Accords (Ukraine)
* International Revolutionary Syndicalist Federation (France)
* National Confederation of Labour (France)
* Francophone Anarchist Federation
* Federation of Anarchist Communists of Bulgaria
* Federation of Italian Anarchist Communists
* Anarchist Federation of Britain
* Syndicalist Workers’ Federation (UK)
* Anarchist Communist Federation (UK)
* Japanese Anarchist Federation
* Federation of Free Labour Unions (Japan)
* Conference of Labour Unions (Japan)
* Japanese Anarchist Club
* Black Front Society (Japan)
* Libertarian Socialist Council (Japan)
* Workers’ Solidarity Movement (Japan)
* Anarchist Federation (Japan)
* Federation of Libertarian Socialists (Germany)
* [[Free Women's and Workers' Union (Germany)|Free Workers' Union]] (Germany)
* North African Libertarian Movement
* Independent League of Trade Unions (Netherlands)
* [[Free Union (Netherlands and Belgium)|Free Union]] (Netherlands)
* General Delegation of the CNT (Mexico)
* Venezuelan Regional Workers’ Federation
* Federation of Free Society Builders (China)
* Korean Revolutionist Federation
* Anarchist International Relations Commission
* Continental Commission of Anarchist Relations
* Anarchist International Commission
* Iron Column


=== The Fourth Wave, 1950–1989: Rearguard Actions in the Shadow of the Cold War and Decolonisation in Africa and Asia ===
=== The Fourth Wave, 1950–1989: Rearguard Actions in the Shadow of the Cold War and Decolonisation in Africa and Asia ===
Events covered include the:
Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:
* [[Cuban Revolution]]
* Cuban Libertarian Alliance
* General Confederation of Labour (Cuba)
* [[Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden]]
* General Confederation of Labour (Chile)
* National Workers’ Unity Movement (Chile)
* Chilean Workers’ Central (Chile)
* Ship-building Workers’ Federation (Argentina)
* New Zealand Waterfront Strike (1951)
* Yunan Resistance
* Bolivian Regional Workers’ Confederation
* Feminine Workers’ Federation (Bolivia)
* Industrial and Commercial Union of Southern Rhodesia
* Uruguayan Anarchist Federation
* Worker-Student Resistance (Uruguay)
* National Convention of Workers (Uruguay)
* Spanish Maquis
* Autonomous Workers’ League (South Korea)
* Autonomous Village Movement (South Korea)
* [[Prague Spring]]
* [[May 1968 Events in France]]
* Tlatelolco Massacre
* National Union of Senegalese Workers
* Federation of the Provincial Proletariat (China)
* Movement of the Revolutionary Left (Chile)
* Libertarian Communist Organisation (Chile)
* Revolutionary Popular Organisation (Uruguay)
* National Convention of Workers (Uruguay)
* Libertarian Resistance (Argentina)
* Workers’ Liberation Group (Iraq)
* The Scream of The People (Iran)
* Angry Brigade (UK)
* Direct Action (France)
* Direct Action (Canada)
* Autonomous Anticapitalist Commandos (Spain)
* First of May Group (Spain)
* Iberian Liberation Movement (Spain)
* Groups of International Revolutionary Action (Spain)
* Anarchist Black Cross
* International of Anarchist Federations
* Bulgarian Libertarian Union
* Cuban Libertarian Movement in Exile
* Iberian Anarchist Federation (Spain)
* Neutralist Tribune (Vietnam)
* Anarchist Federation (China)
* Uruguayan Libertarian Alliance
* International Workers' Association
* Marine Transport Workers’ Industrial Union (Sweden)
* [[National Confederation of Labour (Spain)]]
* Left Opposition (USSR)
* Movement of Revolutionary Communards (USSR)
* Free General Workers’ Union (USSR)
* Communist League of Anarchists (USSR)
* Polish Anarchist Federation
* Anarcho-Syndicalist Federation (Czechoslovakia)
* Czech and Slovak Anarchist Federation
* Proletarian Action Anarchist Groups (Italy)
* Italian Anarchist Federation
* North African Libertarian Movement
* Libertarian Communist International
* Libertarian Communist Federation (France)
* Federation of Communist Anarchists (Italy)
* Union of Libertarian Communist Workers (France)
* Anarchist Revolutionary Organisation (France)
* Libertarian Communist Organisation (France and Belgium)
* Libertarian Alternative (France)
* Uruguayan Anarchist Federation


=== The Fifth Wave, 1990–Today: The Anarchist Movement’s Resurgence in the Era of Soviet Collapse and Neoliberal Hegemony ===
=== The Fifth Wave, 1990–Today: The Anarchist Movement’s Resurgence in the Era of Soviet Collapse and Neoliberal Hegemony ===
Events covered include the:
Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:
* Polish Anarchist Federation
* Anarcho-Syndicalist Federation (Czechoslovakia)
* Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists (Russia)
* [[Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists (Russia)|Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists]] (Russia)
* Autonomous Action (Russia)
* [[Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden]]
* Libertarians and Independent Syndicalists in Cuba
* Especifismo
* Uruguayan Anarchist Federation
* [[Zapatista Revolution]] (Mexico)
* [[Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities|Zapatista Communities]] (Mexico)
* [[Indigenous Popular Council of Oaxaca]] (Mexico)
* Anarchist Party for Individual Freedoms in the Republic (Senegal)
* Anarchist Workers’ and Students’ Group (Zambia)
* Wiyathi Collective (Kenya)
* [[Industrial Workers of the World]]
* [[Awareness League]] (Nigeria)
* Anarchist Resistance Movement (South Africa)
* Durban Anarchist Federation (South Africa)
* Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front (South Africa)
* [[Battle of Seattle]] (USA)
* North-Eastern Federation of Anarcho-Communists (USA)
* International Workers' Association
* [[General Confederation of Labor (Spain)]]
* Siberian Confederation of Labour (Russia)
* National Confederation of Labour (France)
* Solidarity Unity Democracy (Switzerland)
* European Federation of Alternative Syndicalism
* International Libertarian Solidarity
* anarkismo
* [[Arab Spring]]
* Libertarian Socialist Movement (Egypt)
* Libertarian Alternative (France)
* [[Free Women's and Workers' Union]] (Germany)


== External Links ==
== External Links ==
* [https://anarchyinaction.org/index.php?title=Cartography_of_Revolutionary_Anarchism Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism] at [[anarchyinaction.org]]
* [https://anarchyinaction.org/index.php?title=Cartography_of_Revolutionary_Anarchism Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism] at [[anarchyinaction.org]]

Revision as of 16:04, 16 June 2019

</image> <label>Author</label> <label>Illustrator</label> <label>Published on</label> <label>Publisher</label> <group layout="horizontal"> <header>Publication order</header> <label>Previous</label> <label>Next</label> </group> </infobox>Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism is a 2013 book by Michael Schmidt (published by AK Press) that covers an 155 year history of anarchism from 1868 to 2013. It presents anarchism as occurring in 5 'waves', focusing on new unique issues in response to technological, geopolitical and cultural changes.

Summary

The First Wave, 1868–1894: The Rise of the Broad Anarchist/Syndicalist Movement in the Era of State and Capitalist Expansion

Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:

The Second Wave, 1895–1923: Consolidation of Syndicalism and Specific Anarchist Organisation in a Time of War and Reaction

Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:

The Third Wave, 1924–1949: The Anarchist Revolutions Against Imperialism, Fascism, and Bolshevism

Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:

  • Federation of Anarchist-Communist Groups of Poland and Lithuania
  • Anarchist Federation of Poland
  • General Workers’ Federation (Poland)
  • Polish Syndicalist Union
  • Warsaw Uprising (Poland)
  • The movement became involved in localised insurrections in 1874 and 187
  • Italian Workers’ Party (1882)
  • Revolutionary Anarchist Socialist Party (Italy)
  • Bienno Rosso
  • Union of Communist Anarchists of Italy
  • Italian Anarchist Union
  • Free Association of German Trade Unions
  • German Anarchist Federation
  • Federation of Communist Anarchists of Germany
  • Free Workers Union of Germany
  • General Labour Union - Unity Organisation (Germany)
  • East Asian Anarchist Federation
  • Korean Anarchist Federation
  • Korean Youth Federation in South China
  • Continental Workingmen’s Association (USA)
  • Shinmin Autonomous Region
  • Korean Anarchist Communist Federation
  • Korean Anarchist Federation in Manchuria
  • Korean People’s Association in Manchuria
  • Liberation Army of the South
  • Chuan Yung People’s Training Centre
  • Spanish Revolution
  • National Confederation of Labour (Spain)
  • Zaragoza Conference (1936)
  • Iberian Anarchist Federation
  • Libertarian Youth Federation of Iberia
  • Durruti Column
  • Nabat
  • Kronstadt Accords (Ukraine)
  • International Revolutionary Syndicalist Federation (France)
  • National Confederation of Labour (France)
  • Francophone Anarchist Federation
  • Federation of Anarchist Communists of Bulgaria
  • Federation of Italian Anarchist Communists
  • Anarchist Federation of Britain
  • Syndicalist Workers’ Federation (UK)
  • Anarchist Communist Federation (UK)
  • Japanese Anarchist Federation
  • Federation of Free Labour Unions (Japan)
  • Conference of Labour Unions (Japan)
  • Japanese Anarchist Club
  • Black Front Society (Japan)
  • Libertarian Socialist Council (Japan)
  • Workers’ Solidarity Movement (Japan)
  • Anarchist Federation (Japan)
  • Federation of Libertarian Socialists (Germany)
  • Free Workers' Union (Germany)
  • North African Libertarian Movement
  • Independent League of Trade Unions (Netherlands)
  • Free Union (Netherlands)
  • General Delegation of the CNT (Mexico)
  • Venezuelan Regional Workers’ Federation
  • Federation of Free Society Builders (China)
  • Korean Revolutionist Federation
  • Anarchist International Relations Commission
  • Continental Commission of Anarchist Relations
  • Anarchist International Commission
  • Iron Column

The Fourth Wave, 1950–1989: Rearguard Actions in the Shadow of the Cold War and Decolonisation in Africa and Asia

Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:

  • Cuban Revolution
  • Cuban Libertarian Alliance
  • General Confederation of Labour (Cuba)
  • Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden
  • General Confederation of Labour (Chile)
  • National Workers’ Unity Movement (Chile)
  • Chilean Workers’ Central (Chile)
  • Ship-building Workers’ Federation (Argentina)
  • New Zealand Waterfront Strike (1951)
  • Yunan Resistance
  • Bolivian Regional Workers’ Confederation
  • Feminine Workers’ Federation (Bolivia)
  • Industrial and Commercial Union of Southern Rhodesia
  • Uruguayan Anarchist Federation
  • Worker-Student Resistance (Uruguay)
  • National Convention of Workers (Uruguay)
  • Spanish Maquis
  • Autonomous Workers’ League (South Korea)
  • Autonomous Village Movement (South Korea)
  • Prague Spring
  • May 1968 Events in France
  • Tlatelolco Massacre
  • National Union of Senegalese Workers
  • Federation of the Provincial Proletariat (China)
  • Movement of the Revolutionary Left (Chile)
  • Libertarian Communist Organisation (Chile)
  • Revolutionary Popular Organisation (Uruguay)
  • National Convention of Workers (Uruguay)
  • Libertarian Resistance (Argentina)
  • Workers’ Liberation Group (Iraq)
  • The Scream of The People (Iran)
  • Angry Brigade (UK)
  • Direct Action (France)
  • Direct Action (Canada)
  • Autonomous Anticapitalist Commandos (Spain)
  • First of May Group (Spain)
  • Iberian Liberation Movement (Spain)
  • Groups of International Revolutionary Action (Spain)
  • Anarchist Black Cross
  • International of Anarchist Federations
  • Bulgarian Libertarian Union
  • Cuban Libertarian Movement in Exile
  • Iberian Anarchist Federation (Spain)
  • Neutralist Tribune (Vietnam)
  • Anarchist Federation (China)
  • Uruguayan Libertarian Alliance
  • International Workers' Association
  • Marine Transport Workers’ Industrial Union (Sweden)
  • National Confederation of Labour (Spain)
  • Left Opposition (USSR)
  • Movement of Revolutionary Communards (USSR)
  • Free General Workers’ Union (USSR)
  • Communist League of Anarchists (USSR)
  • Polish Anarchist Federation
  • Anarcho-Syndicalist Federation (Czechoslovakia)
  • Czech and Slovak Anarchist Federation
  • Proletarian Action Anarchist Groups (Italy)
  • Italian Anarchist Federation
  • North African Libertarian Movement
  • Libertarian Communist International
  • Libertarian Communist Federation (France)
  • Federation of Communist Anarchists (Italy)
  • Union of Libertarian Communist Workers (France)
  • Anarchist Revolutionary Organisation (France)
  • Libertarian Communist Organisation (France and Belgium)
  • Libertarian Alternative (France)
  • Uruguayan Anarchist Federation

The Fifth Wave, 1990–Today: The Anarchist Movement’s Resurgence in the Era of Soviet Collapse and Neoliberal Hegemony

Events, ideas and organisations covered include the:

External Links

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