Authoritarian Socialism

Authoritarian Socialism, on which the USSR is based, is one of the three major socialist ideologies, alongside democratic socialism and anarchism. Of the three, it has been by far the most historically influential, even becoming one of the two major forces of the Cold War and being largely responsible for winning World War II. It refers to an effort to build a socialist society that differs from anarchists on four main areas:

• The state's role in history is viewed completely differently. For authoritarian socialists, the state was a product of class divisions which emerged alongside the development of agriculture and cannot be gotten rid of in the short run without having huge side effects which would destroy socialism. Whereas anarchists view the state as an independent entity that accumulates power on its own will and predates class.
• Decisions are not to be made via popular assemblies and regional confederations, but instead through a one-party dictatorship with little to no input from the general public. According to authoritarian socialists, this is necessary to maintain the organizational efficiency necessary to defend socialism from counter-revolutionaries and warmongering capitalists.
• Industry is to be nationalized and operated according to the will of the state. Industry may have some degree of workers' self-management, as in Yugoslavia. This is done in order to ensure the most effective use of resources towards building socialism.
• Dissent is to be harshly punished in order to create a stable and harmonious society and to protect the gains made for workers.

Historical Examples

• Afghanistan (1978 - 1992)
• Albania
• Algeria
• Angola
• Bangladesh
• Benin (1974 - 1991)
• Burkina Faso (1983 - 1987)
• Bulgaria
• Cambodia
• Cape Verde
• China (1949 - 1978, or Present)
• Congo
• Cuba (1959 - Present)
• Czechoslovakia
• East Germany
• Egypt
• Ethiopia
• Grenada
• Guinea
• Guyana
• Hungary
• Iraq (1968 - 2003)
• Laos
• Libya (1969 - 2011)
• Madagascar
• Mali
• Mongolia (1924 - 1991)
• Mozambique (1975 - 1991)
• Myanmar
• North Korea
• Peru
• Poland (1947 - 1989)
• Romania
• Seychelles
• Somalia
• South Yemen (1969 - 1991)
• Sudan
• Tanzania
• USSR (1917 - 1991)
• Vietnam (1975 - Present)
• Yugoslavia (1945 - 1990)
• Zambia
• Zimbabwe

Criticism

The main criticism of authoritarian socialism advanced by anarchistss are:

• The authoritarian socialist conception of the state is based on outdated or misleading historical data. More recent evidence shows that the state emerged long before class divisions, and is usually based on factors such as religious worship.
• If decision-making power is not distributed among the population, it will create a small elite isolated from the consequences of their actions who will quickly become consumed by greed and paranoia, violently maintaining their control over the population and ultimately reinstating capitalism to ensure their own wealth and power.
• The belief that hierarchical organizations are more efficient that non-hierarchical ones is conflicting with existing evidence, especially within the military, where decentralized forces frequently defeat centralized ones despite having access to inferior equipment, knowledge and army size.
• Nationalization of industry or limited workers' self-management only creates a bitter and alienated workforce, who may begin to sympathize strongly with far-right anti-communist ideas.