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{{Infobox_location|title = USSR|image = 1920px-Flag of the Soviet Union.svg.png|map = USSR.png|mapcaption = After World War II, the USSR controlled|inhabitants = 293,000,000 people (1991 estimate) making it then the 3rd largest country in the world, after India and China.}}The '''Union of Soviet Socialist Republics''' '''USSR''' (or the '''Soviet Union''') was an [[Authoritarian Socialism|authoritarian socialist]] and/or [[Marxism-Leninism in Practice|Marxist-Leninist]] [[List of States|state]] that was created by the [[Bolsheviks]] in 1922 as the [[Russian Civil War]] came to an end. It had a long history, which included defeating [[Nazi Germany]] and becoming one of the lead players in the [[Cold War]], before its [[Collapse of the USSR|collapse]] in 1991.
{{Infobox_location|title = USSR|image = 1920px-Flag of the Soviet Union.svg.png|map = USSR.png|mapcaption = After World War II, the USSR controlled|inhabitants = 293,000,000 people (1991 estimate) making it then the 3rd largest country in the world, after India and China.}}The '''Union of Soviet Socialist Republics''' ('''USSR'''), commonly known as the '''Soviet Union,''' was a [[Marxism-Leninism in Practice|Marxist-Leninist]] [[List of States|state]] that was created by the [[Bolsheviks]] in 1922 as the [[Russian Civil War]] came to an end. It had a long history, which included defeating [[Nazi Germany]] and becoming one of the lead players in the [[Cold War]], before its takeover by revisionists in 1956 and total [[Collapse of the USSR|collapse]] in 1991.


== Positives and Negatives ==
== Positives and Negatives ==
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** Miniature Railways
** Miniature Railways
** Montage in Movies
** Montage in Movies
** Tetris
** Tetris  
* Almost eliminating [[unemployment]].
* Almost eliminating [[unemployment]].
* During [[World War II]], the USSR managed to inflict the most damage on [[Nazi Germany]], it's been estimated that 8/10 German deaths in the war were against the USSR.
* During [[World War II]], the USSR managed to inflict the most damage on [[Nazi Germany]], it's been estimated that 8/10 German deaths in the war were against the USSR.
* From 1927 to 1941, the USSR expanded their freight rail network to be 20x larger than before, surpassing the US. From 1965 to 1980, the USSR build 639km of track a year (or about 1.5km a day).
* From 1927 to 1941, the USSR expanded their freight rail network to be 20x larger than before, surpassing the US. From 1965 to 1980, the USSR build 639km of track a year (or about 1.5km a day).
=== Bad things the USSR did ===
* Repression of various democratic movements:
** During the Russian Civil War, the Bolsheviks crushed the [[Free Territory of Ukraine]] and [[Kronstadt Rebellion]], as well as numerous other peasant movements and Russia's urban anarchist movement. Although the USSR isn't technically responsible, it was built on the graves of the libertarian left and shared the same ancestor (Lenin).
** During the 1950s, the USSR sent soldiers into other Warsaw Pact countries like Hungary, Poland and [[East German Uprising|East Germany]] to stop democratic revolutions.
* From 1930 to 1952, the [[USSR]] pursued a number of policies of forced resettlement and deportations of entire ethnic groups based on [[Racism in the USSR|racist]] propaganda. This included the populations of the Azerbaijanis in Armenia, Balkars, Chechens, Chinese, Estonians, Finns, Germans, Greeks, Inguish, Jews, Kalmyks, Karachays, Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles, Romanians, Tatars, Turks and Ukrainians. This occured despite the USSRs officially condemnation of nationalism and proclaimed internationalism, including the right of nations and peoples to self-determination.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union</ref> (Note, apologists will try to claim that this was due to [[World War II]], despite several of these not occurring during World War II, be wary.)
* Generating 1.5x as much air pollution and carbon emissions as the USA in 1988 per unit of GNP.<ref>~ Maria Shahgedanova (1994) - ''[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0959378094900035 New data on air pollution in the former Soviet Union]'', Global Environmental Change</ref>
* Creating some of the largest [[Ecocide|ecological disasters]] in history:
** Most famously, the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster]], considered the worst [[Nuclear Energy|nuclear accident]] in history. Having killed 42 people and led to the government creating a 2,600km exclusion zone that has been closed for 33 years. Despite this, scientific teams, tourists and smugglers still enter the area frequently.<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster</ref>
** The [[Aral Sea]] between what is now [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Uzbekistan]], once the fourth largest lake in the world, had dried up thanks to the USSR using it for drainage. But it's also now covered in toxic salt flats as a result of weapons testing, industrial projects, and pesticides and fertilizer runoff. This has led to toxic dust storms and a lack of fresh water for the local population leading to massive health problems and high rates of cancer. Additionally, the loss of the Aral Sea has generated local [[Climate Change|climate change]] in the form of cooler winters and hotter summers. Former fishing towns have declined, surrounded by abandoned ship graveyards.<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral_Sea</ref>
** The Techa River in the Ural Mountains ([[Russia]]) saw 76 million cubic metres (roughly over 30,000 olympic sized swimming pools) of radioactive waste water dumped into by the Mayak complex despite 28,000 people living along the villages. An estimated half a million people were irradiated with potentially 20 times the radiation suffered by the Chernobyl disaster victims, and its worth noting the river connects to the Arctic Ocean, meaning the worlds oceans were potentially contaminated with nuclear waste.<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techa_River</ref>
*** The Mayak complex also triggered the [[Kyshtym Disaster]] (radioactive clouds spread over 52,000 square km where at least 270,000 people lived across Russia, considered the third worst nuclear accident in history after [[Fukishima Nuclear Disaster|Fukishima]] and Chernobyl)<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyshtym_disaster</ref> and the Pollution of Lake Karachay, having so much radioactive waste dumped into it is considered the most polluted place on Earth (and lacks warning signs on the surrounding roads, meaning anyone could stumble in). By the time Mayak's existence was officially recognized in 1992, there had been a 21% rise in cancer cases, a 25% rise in birth defects, and a 41% rise in leukemia in the surrounding region.<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_Lake_Karachay</ref> This case is very interesting, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQCfOjhguO0 here is a 15-minute video] explaining it.
** The collapse of the Mailuu-Suu tailings dam (dams to hold in waste at mines) led to the release of 600,000 cubic metres of radioactive waste. Several were killed instantly and the site remains a health hazard, being the most polluted site in Kyrgyzstan and one of the top 10 most polluted sites in the world.<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Mailuu-Suu_tailings_dam_failure</ref>


== Major Social Struggles ==
== Major Social Struggles ==
Note: All of these took place after the seizure of power by Khrushchev and his revisionist clique and restoration of capitalism in 1956, and thus do not represent the socialist USSR under Stalin and the Bolsheviks.
* 1962: [[Novocherkassk Massacre (1962)|Novocherkassk Strike]]
* 1962: [[Novocherkassk Massacre (1962)|Novocherkassk Strike]]
* 1963: Moscow Protests by African Students
* 1963: Moscow Protests by African Students

Revision as of 17:50, 30 December 2023

</image> <image source="map"></image> <label>Type</label> <label>Level</label> <label>Location</label> <label>Inhabitants</label> </infobox>The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Marxist-Leninist state that was created by the Bolsheviks in 1922 as the Russian Civil War came to an end. It had a long history, which included defeating Nazi Germany and becoming one of the lead players in the Cold War, before its takeover by revisionists in 1956 and total collapse in 1991.

Positives and Negatives

Positives

  • The USSR increased life expectancy from 43 years to 68 years from 1927 to 1989. This becomes notable after life expectancy dropped 6 years after the collapse of the USSR.
  • The USSR massively expanded women's rights.
  • Industrialise faster than any other society in history in the midst of the Great Depression without trading with other countries.
  • The USSR made several massive advances in science, notably putting the first object, animal and person into space. Some notable achievements include:
  • The USSR also made several large cultural advancements, including:
    • Film Schools
    • Miniature Railways
    • Montage in Movies
    • Tetris
  • Almost eliminating unemployment.
  • During World War II, the USSR managed to inflict the most damage on Nazi Germany, it's been estimated that 8/10 German deaths in the war were against the USSR.
  • From 1927 to 1941, the USSR expanded their freight rail network to be 20x larger than before, surpassing the US. From 1965 to 1980, the USSR build 639km of track a year (or about 1.5km a day).

Major Social Struggles

Note: All of these took place after the seizure of power by Khrushchev and his revisionist clique and restoration of capitalism in 1956, and thus do not represent the socialist USSR under Stalin and the Bolsheviks.

References

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