Timeline of Environmentalism: Difference between revisions

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== Pre-1900s ==
== Pre-1900s ==
* 6th Century BCE: The [[Athenian Polis]] votes to protect nearby hills and mountains around Athens from deforestation and overgrazing as possibly the first acts of environmental protection in history.
* 6th Century BCE: The [[Athenian Polis]] votes to protect nearby hills and mountains around Athens from deforestation and overgrazing as possibly the first acts of environmental protection in history.
* 1730: Villagers in Bishnoi, India [[Bishnoi Forest Campaign|save a forest]] from state-sanctioned deforestation.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bishnoi-villagers-sacrifice-lives-save-trees-1730</ref>


== 1900s ==
== 1900s ==
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* 1976: The [[Franklin River Campaign]] begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run.
* 1976: The [[Franklin River Campaign]] begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run.
* 1977: The [[Xapuri Forest Campaign]] begins in [[Brazil]], as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198</ref>
* 1977: The [[Xapuri Forest Campaign]] begins in [[Brazil]], as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198</ref>
* 1978: Residents of Emelle, Alabama, USA attempt to [[Emelle Anti-Landfill Campaign|stop the construction]] of a hazardous waste landfill.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/emelle-residents-protest-chemical-waste-management-hazardous-waste-landfill-1978-1995</ref>
* 1979: The [[Alta River Campaign]] begins the Arctic Region of [[Norway]] as indigenous Saami and environmentalists stop the construction of a dam.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/saami-and-norwegians-protest-construction-alta-dam-norway-1979-1981</ref>
* 1979: The [[Alta River Campaign]] begins the Arctic Region of [[Norway]] as indigenous Saami and environmentalists stop the construction of a dam.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/saami-and-norwegians-protest-construction-alta-dam-norway-1979-1981</ref>


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* 1983: The [[Appiko Forest Campaign]] begins in India, as people try to nonviolently stop deforestation.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-villagers-hug-trees-appiko-stop-deforestation-karnataka-1983-1990</ref>
* 1983: The [[Appiko Forest Campaign]] begins in India, as people try to nonviolently stop deforestation.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-villagers-hug-trees-appiko-stop-deforestation-karnataka-1983-1990</ref>
* 1984: The [[Danube River Campaign]] blocks the construction of the Danube Dam in Hungary.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalist-groups-prevent-construction-danube-river-dam-hungary-1984-1989</ref>
* 1984: The [[Danube River Campaign]] blocks the construction of the Danube Dam in Hungary.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalist-groups-prevent-construction-danube-river-dam-hungary-1984-1989</ref>
* 1985: The [[Narmada River Campaign]] attempts to block the construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam in India.<ref name=":2">https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/narmada-bachao-andolan-nba-forces-end-world-bank-funding-sardar-sarovar-dam-india-1985-1993</ref><ref name=":2" />
* 1985: The [[Narmada River Campaign]] attempts to block the construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam in India.<ref name=":2">https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/narmada-bachao-andolan-nba-forces-end-world-bank-funding-sardar-sarovar-dam-india-1985-1993</ref>
* 1986: Greenpeace [[Anti-CFC Campaign|begins a campaign]] for a global ban of CFCs.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-pushes-global-ban-cfcs-1986-1995</ref>
* 1986: Greenpeace [[Anti-CFC Campaign|begins a campaign]] for a global ban of CFCs.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-pushes-global-ban-cfcs-1986-1995</ref>
* 1987: Environmentalists [[Bukidnon Forest Campaign|successfully block the destruction of the forests]] in the Bukidnon region in the Philippines.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bukidnon-residents-protest-logging-activity-philippines-1987-1989</ref>
* 1987: Environmentalists [[Bukidnon Forest Campaign|successfully block the destruction of the forests]] in the Bukidnon region in the Philippines.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bukidnon-residents-protest-logging-activity-philippines-1987-1989</ref>
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* 1988: Environmentalists [[Coast Road Blockade (1988)|successfully block the destruction]] of the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, [[Australia]].
* 1988: Environmentalists [[Coast Road Blockade (1988)|successfully block the destruction]] of the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, [[Australia]].
* 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador [[Block 10 Campaign|protect land from oil drilling]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994</ref>
* 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador [[Block 10 Campaign|protect land from oil drilling]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994</ref>
* 1989: Residents of Diamond, California, USA [[Diamond Anti-Shell Campaign|force Shell]] to close their refinery.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/black-residents-diamond-win-fight-shell-chemical-relocation-1989-2002</ref>


=== 1990s ===
=== 1990s ===
* 1990: Ogoni people [[Ogoni-Shell Struggle (1990s)|struggle]] against Shell Oil in Nigeria.<ref name=":1">https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ogoni-people-struggle-shell-oil-nigeria-1990-1995</ref><ref name=":1" />
* 1990: Ogoni people [[Ogoni-Shell Struggle (1990s)|struggle]] against Shell Oil in Nigeria.<ref name=":1">https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ogoni-people-struggle-shell-oil-nigeria-1990-1995</ref>
* 1991: The ten-year long [[Mun River Campaign]] in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001</ref>
* 1991: The ten-year long [[Mun River Campaign]] in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001</ref>
* 1991: Indigenous Cree in Canada [[Lubicon Forest Campaign|protect Lubicon land from deforestation]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-allies-ontario-defend-lubicon-cree-land-against-logging-canada-1991-98</ref>
* 1991: Indigenous Cree in Canada [[Lubicon Forest Campaign|protect Lubicon land from deforestation]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-allies-ontario-defend-lubicon-cree-land-against-logging-canada-1991-98</ref>
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* 1994: The [[Zapatista Revolution]] and resulting [[Chiapas Conflict]] have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]].
* 1994: The [[Zapatista Revolution]] and resulting [[Chiapas Conflict]] have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]].
* 1994: Greenpeace leads the [[Great Bear Rainforest Campaign]] in Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-and-others-pressure-international-buyers-protect-great-bear-rainforest-canada-199</ref>
* 1994: Greenpeace leads the [[Great Bear Rainforest Campaign]] in Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-and-others-pressure-international-buyers-protect-great-bear-rainforest-canada-199</ref>
* 1995: The [[Battle of Brightlingsea]] ends live-animal exports from the towns port in the UK.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brightlingsea-residents-end-exportation-live-animals-through-their-town-battle-brightlingsea</ref>
* 1995: The [[Junin Anti-Mine Movement]] begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining.
* 1995: The [[Junin Anti-Mine Movement]] begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining.
* 1995: The [[Cascadia Free State]] is built to protect forests in Washington, USA
* 1995: The [[Cascadia Free State]] is built to protect forests in Washington, USA
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* 1998: The [[Green Belt Movement]] protects the Karura Forest in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/green-belt-movement-defends-karura-forest-nairobi-kenya-1998-1999</ref>
* 1998: The [[Green Belt Movement]] protects the Karura Forest in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/green-belt-movement-defends-karura-forest-nairobi-kenya-1998-1999</ref>
* 1998: The [[Minnehaha Free State]] is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction.
* 1998: The [[Minnehaha Free State]] is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction.
* 1998: [[Rainforest Action Network]] gets Home Depot to reduce its use old-growth lumber in its products.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/rainforest-action-network-gets-home-depot-stop-buying-old-growth-wood-usa-1998-1999</ref>
* 1999: Talamancan residents [[Talamanca Anti-Oil Movement|stop the drilling of oil]] in a region of Costa Rica.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002</ref>
* 1999: Talamancan residents [[Talamanca Anti-Oil Movement|stop the drilling of oil]] in a region of Costa Rica.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002</ref>


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* 2002: English residents and environmentalists [[Heathrow Airport Campaign (2000s)|prevent]] Heathrow Airport expansion.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/english-residents-and-environmentalists-prevent-heathrow-airport-expansion-2002-2010</ref>
* 2002: English residents and environmentalists [[Heathrow Airport Campaign (2000s)|prevent]] Heathrow Airport expansion.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/english-residents-and-environmentalists-prevent-heathrow-airport-expansion-2002-2010</ref>
* 2004: Canadian environmentalists [[Cathedral Grove Campaign|protect the Cathedral Grove forest remnants]] in British Columbia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/british-columbia-locals-save-ancient-forest-remnant-destruction-canada-2004-2006</ref>
* 2004: Canadian environmentalists [[Cathedral Grove Campaign|protect the Cathedral Grove forest remnants]] in British Columbia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/british-columbia-locals-save-ancient-forest-remnant-destruction-canada-2004-2006</ref>
* 2005: Environmentalists in Sofia, Bulgaria [[Suhodol Campaign|close a polluting]] landfill.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bulgarian-residents-blockade-landfill-suhodol-neighborhood-sofia-2005</ref>
* 2005: Argentinians [[Uruguay River Campaign|block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills]] along the Uruguay River.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008</ref>
* 2005: Argentinians [[Uruguay River Campaign|block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills]] along the Uruguay River.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008</ref>
* 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia [[Sakhalin Anti-Oil Movemenet|stop the construction]] of new oil drilling sites.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007</ref>
* 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia [[Sakhalin Anti-Oil Movemenet|stop the construction]] of new oil drilling sites.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007</ref>
* 2005: Greenpeace and Sea Shepards [[Nissui Anti-Whalehunting Campaign|force Japanese seafood]] company Nissui to sell stakes in Whale hunting ships.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-and-sea-shepherds-force-japanese-seafood-company-nissui-sell-stakes-whale-hunting</ref>
* 2005: Greenpeace and Sea Shepards [[Nissui Anti-Whalehunting Campaign|force Japanese seafood]] company Nissui to sell stakes in Whale hunting ships.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-and-sea-shepherds-force-japanese-seafood-company-nissui-sell-stakes-whale-hunting</ref>
* 2006: Cayman Islanders [[Cayman Islands Dolphin Campaign|attempt to close dolphin parks]] and stop the import of dolphins to the country.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/cayman-islanders-protest-dolphinariums-2006-08</ref>
* 2006: The [[Oaxaca Revolution|Oaxaca]] and [[Zaachila|Zaachila Revolutions]] in Mexico are informed strongly by environmentalism.
* 2006: The [[Oaxaca Revolution|Oaxaca]] and [[Zaachila|Zaachila Revolutions]] in Mexico are informed strongly by environmentalism.
* 2006: Indigenous Bangladeshis [[Phulbari Anti-Mine Movement|manage to halt]] the construction of a coal mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-bangladesh-protest-stop-open-pit-coal-mine-2006-2014</ref>
* 2006: South Korean environmentalists [[Gyeyang Mountain Campaign|protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch</ref>
* 2006: South Korean environmentalists [[Gyeyang Mountain Campaign|protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch</ref>
* 2007: Indigenous Algonquins try to [[Ontario Anti-Mine Movement (2007)|block uranium mining]] in Ontario, Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/algonquins-campaign-against-uranium-mining-ontario-canada-2007-2008</ref>
* 2007: Indigenous Algonquins try to [[Ontario Anti-Mine Movement (2007)|block uranium mining]] in Ontario, Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/algonquins-campaign-against-uranium-mining-ontario-canada-2007-2008</ref>
* 2007: Environmentalists in Xiamen, China [[Xiamen Anti-Factory Campaign|stop the construction]] of a chemical factory.<ref name=":3">https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-residents-force-relocation-chemical-plant-xiamen-2007</ref><ref name=":3" />
* 2007: The [[Mabira Forest Campaign]] saves the Mabira Forest in Uganda.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ugandans-save-mabira-forest-sugarcane-plantation-2007</ref>
* 2007: Environmentalists [[Kingsnorth Anti-Coal Movement|prevent construction]] of coal-fired power plant in Kingsnorth, UK.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmental-activists-prevent-construction-coal-fired-power-plant-kingsnorth-england-2007-</ref>
* 2008: Protests across Greece [[Greek Anti-Coal Campaign|stop the construction]] of five new coal-fired plants across the country.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greek-campaign-stop-construction-coal-plants-2008-2010</ref>
* 2008: Indigenous Peruvians [[Peruvian Rainforest Defense (2008)|strike to protect]] the rainforests.
* 2008: Indigenous Peruvians [[Peruvian Rainforest Defense (2008)|strike to protect]] the rainforests.
* 2008: Greenpeace forces Unilever to stop buying palm oil products from Indonesia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-pressures-unilever-gains-moratorium-destructive-palm-oil-production-indonesia-200</ref>
* 2008: Professor G.D. Agarwal holds several hunger strikes to stop the construction of dams along the Ganges River in India.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-environmental-scientist-holds-fast-unto-death-against-damming-ganges-river-india-2008</ref>
* 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to [[Chengdu Stroll|stop the construction]] of a petrochemical plant.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008</ref>
* 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to [[Chengdu Stroll|stop the construction]] of a petrochemical plant.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008</ref>
* 2008: The [[Xingu River Campaign]] begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2</ref>
* 2008: The [[Xingu River Campaign]] begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2</ref>
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* 2009: Canadian environmentalists [[Seal Protection Campaign (2009)|campaign against seal hunting]] and manage to block it in several countries.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadian-environmentalists-campaign-against-seal-hunting-2009</ref>
* 2009: Canadian environmentalists [[Seal Protection Campaign (2009)|campaign against seal hunting]] and manage to block it in several countries.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadian-environmentalists-campaign-against-seal-hunting-2009</ref>
* 2009: Anishinaabe Kweag in Canada [[Alliston Aquifer Campaign|protect the Alliston Aquifer]] from a waste dump.
* 2009: Anishinaabe Kweag in Canada [[Alliston Aquifer Campaign|protect the Alliston Aquifer]] from a waste dump.
* 2009: Environmentalists in Guangzhou, China [[Guangzhou Incinerator Campaign (2009)|stop the construction]] of a polluting rubbish incinerator.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/guangzhou-residents-protest-incinerator-2009</ref>
* 2009: Greenpeace [[Indoesian Forest Campaign (Greenpeace)|protects Indonesian forests]] against Asia Pulp and Paper.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-protects-indonesian-forests-against-asia-pulp-and-paper-2009-2013</ref>


=== 2010s ===
=== 2010s ===
* 2010: National Parks in New Zealand are [[New Zealand National Parks Campaign (2010)|protected from mining]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/new-zealanders-prevent-opening-national-parks-mining-2010</ref>
* 2010: National Parks in New Zealand are [[New Zealand National Parks Campaign (2010)|protected from mining]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/new-zealanders-prevent-opening-national-parks-mining-2010</ref>
* 2010: The [[Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010</ref>
* 2010: The [[Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010</ref>
* 2010: The [[Florida Keys Environmental Coalition]] in the USA acts to clean up and protect against oil spills.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/florida-keys-environmentalists-act-protect-against-bp-oil-spill-summer-2010</ref>
* 2010: The [[Casco Viejo Campaign]] in [[Panama]] sees citizens try to stop environmentally destructive developments.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/panamanian-protests-against-casco-viejo-development-projects-2010-2014</ref>
* 2010: The [[Casco Viejo Campaign]] in [[Panama]] sees citizens try to stop environmentally destructive developments.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/panamanian-protests-against-casco-viejo-development-projects-2010-2014</ref>
* 2010: Indian farmers and fishermen stop the construction of the [[Nagarjuna Anti-Coal Campaign|Nagarjuna]] coal plant in Sompeta, Andhra Pradesh.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-farmers-and-fishermen-stop-coal-plant-sompeta-andhra-pradesh-2010-11</ref>
* 2010: Indian farmers and fishermen stop the construction of the [[Nagarjuna Anti-Coal Campaign|Nagarjuna]] coal plant in Sompeta, Andhra Pradesh.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-farmers-and-fishermen-stop-coal-plant-sompeta-andhra-pradesh-2010-11</ref>
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* 2010: The [[Khimki Forest Campaign]] begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation.
* 2010: The [[Khimki Forest Campaign]] begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation.
* 2010: The [[Enbridge Anti-Oil Campaign]] begins in Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadians-demonstrate-against-enbridge-northern-gateway-pipelines-project-2010-2014</ref>
* 2010: The [[Enbridge Anti-Oil Campaign]] begins in Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadians-demonstrate-against-enbridge-northern-gateway-pipelines-project-2010-2014</ref>
* 2011: African fishermen and Greenpeace [[African Fishing Campaign|win better international fishing practices]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/african-fishermen-and-greenpeace-win-better-international-fishing-practices-2011-2012</ref>
* 2011: The [[Cherán Revolution]] is partially inspired by efforts to protect local forests from deforestation.
* 2011: The [[Cherán Revolution]] is partially inspired by efforts to protect local forests from deforestation.
* 2011: The Puna Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru stop the construction of a new silver mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011</ref>
* 2011: The Puna Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru stop the construction of a new silver mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011</ref>
* 2011: The [[Cajamarca Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Peru work to stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012</ref>
* 2011: The [[Cajamarca Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Peru work to stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012</ref>
* 2011: Environmentalists in Dalian, China [[Dalian Anti-Factory Campaign|force the closure]] and moving of a chemical factory.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-protesters-challenge-chemical-plant-dalian-2011</ref>
* 2011: Environmentalists in Haining, China close a solar power plant over pollution issues.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-farmers-protest-solar-panel-plant-pollution-haining-2011</ref>
* 2011: Isiboro Secure Park [[Battle for Isiboro Park|is defended]] from destruction by armed indigenous militants in La Paz, Bolivia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011</ref>
* 2011: Isiboro Secure Park [[Battle for Isiboro Park|is defended]] from destruction by armed indigenous militants in La Paz, Bolivia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011</ref>
* 2012: University students and staff get Vanderbilt University [[Vanderbilt Disinvestment Campaign|to stop investing]] in third world land-grabbing.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/vanderbilt-students-win-divestment-emvest-united-states-2012-2013</ref>
* 2012: Greenpeace stops [[Shell Oil]] drilling in the Arctic Ocean around Russia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-stops-shell-oil-drilling-arctic-ocean-2012</ref>
* 2012: Greenpeace stops [[Shell Oil]] drilling in the Arctic Ocean around Russia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-stops-shell-oil-drilling-arctic-ocean-2012</ref>
* 2012: Polish beekeepers [[Polish Anti-GMO Campaign|get the government]] to ban genetically modified corn, leading to bans in other EU countries.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/polish-beekeepers-achieve-ban-monsanto-genetically-modified-corn-2012</ref>
* 2012: Students in Shifang, China [[Shifang Copper Campaign|stop the construction]] of a copper factory.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/shifang-students-prevent-copper-plant-construction-china-2012</ref>
* 2012: Students in Shifang, China [[Shifang Copper Campaign|stop the construction]] of a copper factory.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/shifang-students-prevent-copper-plant-construction-china-2012</ref>
* 2012: The [[Rojava Revolution]] is deeply influenced by environmentalism.
* 2012: The [[Rojava Revolution]] is deeply influenced by environmentalism.
* 2012: Greenpeace [[Prirazlomnaya Anti-Oil Campaign|stops the construction of the Prirazlomnaya]] oil drilling site at an Arctic site in Russia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-challenges-gazprom-prevents-oil-production-prirazlomnaya-field-2012</ref>
* 2012: Sea Shepards protect Antarctic whales from Japanese whalers.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/international-environmental-group-sea-shepherds-defends-whales-antarctic-ocean-2012-2013</ref>
* 2012: Sea Shepards protect Antarctic whales from Japanese whalers.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/international-environmental-group-sea-shepherds-defends-whales-antarctic-ocean-2012-2013</ref>
* 2012: Environmentalists and students in Ningbo, China [[Ningbo Anti-Oil Campaign|stop the construction]] of an oil refinery.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-residents-and-students-stop-petrochemical-plant-expansion-ningbo-2012</ref>
* 2013: University students and staff get the University of Hawaii [[Fossil Fuel Disinvestment Movement|to stop investing]] in fossil fuels.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/university-hawaii-students-faculty-and-staff-successfully-campaign-fossil-fuel-divestment-20</ref>
* 2013: University students and staff get the University of Hawaii [[Fossil Fuel Disinvestment Movement|to stop investing]] in fossil fuels.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/university-hawaii-students-faculty-and-staff-successfully-campaign-fossil-fuel-divestment-20</ref>
* 2013: The [[Gezi Park Uprising]] attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction.
* 2013: The [[Gezi Park Uprising]] attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction.
* 2013: The [[Sarasota Bay Campaign]] protects Sarasota Bay from destruction by a hotel company in Manatee County, Florida, USA.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/citizens-stop-development-companies-destruction-bay-habitat-manatee-county-florida-2013</ref>
* 2013: The [[Mi'kmaq Uprising (2013)|Mi'kmaq Uprising]] protects traditional land from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mi-kmaq-indigenous-campaign-prevents-hydraulic-fracturing-elsipogtog-new-brunswick-2013</ref>
* 2013: The [[Mi'kmaq Uprising (2013)|Mi'kmaq Uprising]] protects traditional land from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mi-kmaq-indigenous-campaign-prevents-hydraulic-fracturing-elsipogtog-new-brunswick-2013</ref>
* 2016: The '[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria#Environmentalism|Make Rojava Green Again]]' campaign begins to protect and restore the environment in Rojava.
* 2013: University students and staff get the University of Glasgow [[Fossil Fuel Disinvestment Movement|to stop investing]] in fossil fuels.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/students-press-university-glasgow-divest-fossil-fuels-2013-2014</ref>
* 2013: The [[Barton Moss Community Protection Camp]] is built to stop fracking in the UK.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uk-community-stages-protest-camp-build-opposition-fracking-2013-14</ref>
* 2014: Environmentalists in Pungesti, Romania [[Pungesti Anti-Fracking Campaign|block the construction]] of fracking sites near the town.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-citizens-pungesti-backed-greenpeace-force-chevron-stop-fracking-operations-2014</ref>
* 2015: University students and staff get the University of London [[Fossil Fuel Disinvestment Movement|to stop investing]] in fossil fuels.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/fossil-free-soas-wins-fossil-fuel-divestment-2015</ref>
* 2015: University students and staff get the Trinity College [[Fossil Fuel Disinvestment Movement|to stop investing]] in fossil fuels.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/trinity-college-wins-divestment-fossil-fuels</ref>
* 2016: The '[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria#Environmentalism|Make Rojava Green Again]]' campaign begins to protect and restore the environment in [[Rojava]].


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 04:29, 6 June 2019

A timeline of major actions in the environmental movement.

Pre-1900s

  • 6th Century BCE: The Athenian Polis votes to protect nearby hills and mountains around Athens from deforestation and overgrazing as possibly the first acts of environmental protection in history.
  • 1730: Villagers in Bishnoi, India save a forest from state-sanctioned deforestation.[1]

1900s

1970s

  • 1971: The four-year long Green Ban movement begins across Australia, where construction workers refuse to work on projects harmful to the environment or local communities.
  • 1975: Greenpeace forces all countries except Iceland, Norway and Japan to stop whaling.[3]
  • 1976: The Franklin River Campaign begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run.
  • 1977: The Xapuri Forest Campaign begins in Brazil, as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.[4]
  • 1978: Residents of Emelle, Alabama, USA attempt to stop the construction of a hazardous waste landfill.[5]
  • 1979: The Alta River Campaign begins the Arctic Region of Norway as indigenous Saami and environmentalists stop the construction of a dam.[6]

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

References

  1. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bishnoi-villagers-sacrifice-lives-save-trees-1730
  2. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/winnipeg-women-stop-removal-wolseley-elm-1957
  3. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-campaigns-against-whaling-1975-1982
  4. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198
  5. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/emelle-residents-protest-chemical-waste-management-hazardous-waste-landfill-1978-1995
  6. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/saami-and-norwegians-protest-construction-alta-dam-norway-1979-1981
  7. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-villagers-hug-trees-appiko-stop-deforestation-karnataka-1983-1990
  8. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalist-groups-prevent-construction-danube-river-dam-hungary-1984-1989
  9. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/narmada-bachao-andolan-nba-forces-end-world-bank-funding-sardar-sarovar-dam-india-1985-1993
  10. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-pushes-global-ban-cfcs-1986-1995
  11. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bukidnon-residents-protest-logging-activity-philippines-1987-1989
  12. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/estonians-stop-toxic-phosphorite-mining-1987-88
  13. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/australian-rainforest-action-groups-boycott-malaysian-rainforest-timber-1988-1994
  14. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994
  15. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/black-residents-diamond-win-fight-shell-chemical-relocation-1989-2002
  16. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ogoni-people-struggle-shell-oil-nigeria-1990-1995
  17. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001
  18. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-allies-ontario-defend-lubicon-cree-land-against-logging-canada-1991-98
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalists-defend-old-forest-clayoquot-sound-bc-canada-1993
  20. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-and-others-pressure-international-buyers-protect-great-bear-rainforest-canada-199
  21. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brightlingsea-residents-end-exportation-live-animals-through-their-town-battle-brightlingsea
  22. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/nuxalk-people-obstruct-logging-itsa-old-growth-forest-1995-1998
  23. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001
  24. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sarayaku-people-successfully-defend-their-land-against-oil-extraction-ecuador-1996-2012
  25. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/green-belt-movement-defends-karura-forest-nairobi-kenya-1998-1999
  26. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/rainforest-action-network-gets-home-depot-stop-buying-old-growth-wood-usa-1998-1999
  27. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002
  28. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/icelanders-protest-karahnjukar-hydropower-project-2000-2006
  29. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-pressures-coca-cola-phase-out-hfc-refrigeration-olympic-games-australia-2000-2004
  30. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indians-force-coca-cola-bottling-facility-plachimada-shut-down-2001-2006
  31. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006
  32. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-environmentalists-protest-plan-mine-gold-using-cyanide-rosia-montana-heritage-area-
  33. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-youths-and-mothers-force-abitibi-consolidated-and-weyerhaeuser-stop-logging-grass
  34. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/english-residents-and-environmentalists-prevent-heathrow-airport-expansion-2002-2010
  35. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/british-columbia-locals-save-ancient-forest-remnant-destruction-canada-2004-2006
  36. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bulgarian-residents-blockade-landfill-suhodol-neighborhood-sofia-2005
  37. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008
  38. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007
  39. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-and-sea-shepherds-force-japanese-seafood-company-nissui-sell-stakes-whale-hunting
  40. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/cayman-islanders-protest-dolphinariums-2006-08
  41. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-bangladesh-protest-stop-open-pit-coal-mine-2006-2014
  42. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch
  43. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/algonquins-campaign-against-uranium-mining-ontario-canada-2007-2008
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-residents-force-relocation-chemical-plant-xiamen-2007
  45. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ugandans-save-mabira-forest-sugarcane-plantation-2007
  46. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmental-activists-prevent-construction-coal-fired-power-plant-kingsnorth-england-2007-
  47. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greek-campaign-stop-construction-coal-plants-2008-2010
  48. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-pressures-unilever-gains-moratorium-destructive-palm-oil-production-indonesia-200
  49. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-environmental-scientist-holds-fast-unto-death-against-damming-ganges-river-india-2008
  50. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008
  51. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2
  52. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadian-environmentalists-campaign-against-seal-hunting-2009
  53. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/guangzhou-residents-protest-incinerator-2009
  54. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-protects-indonesian-forests-against-asia-pulp-and-paper-2009-2013
  55. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/new-zealanders-prevent-opening-national-parks-mining-2010
  56. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010
  57. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/florida-keys-environmentalists-act-protect-against-bp-oil-spill-summer-2010
  58. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/panamanian-protests-against-casco-viejo-development-projects-2010-2014
  59. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-farmers-and-fishermen-stop-coal-plant-sompeta-andhra-pradesh-2010-11
  60. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sri-lankan-fishermen-stop-building-seaplane-platform-negombo-lagoon-2010-2011
  61. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sri-lankan-veterinarians-strike-better-treatment-elephants-2010
  62. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadians-demonstrate-against-enbridge-northern-gateway-pipelines-project-2010-2014
  63. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/african-fishermen-and-greenpeace-win-better-international-fishing-practices-2011-2012
  64. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011
  65. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012
  66. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-protesters-challenge-chemical-plant-dalian-2011
  67. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-farmers-protest-solar-panel-plant-pollution-haining-2011
  68. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011
  69. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/vanderbilt-students-win-divestment-emvest-united-states-2012-2013
  70. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-stops-shell-oil-drilling-arctic-ocean-2012
  71. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/polish-beekeepers-achieve-ban-monsanto-genetically-modified-corn-2012
  72. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/shifang-students-prevent-copper-plant-construction-china-2012
  73. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/greenpeace-challenges-gazprom-prevents-oil-production-prirazlomnaya-field-2012
  74. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/international-environmental-group-sea-shepherds-defends-whales-antarctic-ocean-2012-2013
  75. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-residents-and-students-stop-petrochemical-plant-expansion-ningbo-2012
  76. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/university-hawaii-students-faculty-and-staff-successfully-campaign-fossil-fuel-divestment-20
  77. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/citizens-stop-development-companies-destruction-bay-habitat-manatee-county-florida-2013
  78. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mi-kmaq-indigenous-campaign-prevents-hydraulic-fracturing-elsipogtog-new-brunswick-2013
  79. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/students-press-university-glasgow-divest-fossil-fuels-2013-2014
  80. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uk-community-stages-protest-camp-build-opposition-fracking-2013-14
  81. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-citizens-pungesti-backed-greenpeace-force-chevron-stop-fracking-operations-2014
  82. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/fossil-free-soas-wins-fossil-fuel-divestment-2015
  83. ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/trinity-college-wins-divestment-fossil-fuels
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