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== 1900s == | == 1900s == | ||
* 1936: The [[National Confederation of Labour (Spain)|CNT]] oversees green projects in [[Revolutionary Spain]], including the construction of greenhouses, reforestation, [[permaculture]] and the shutting down of polluting metal factories. | * 1936: The [[National Confederation of Labour (Spain)|CNT]] oversees green projects in [[Revolutionary Spain]], including the construction of greenhouses, reforestation, [[permaculture]] and the shutting down of polluting metal factories. | ||
* 1957: Canadian women [[Wolseley Elm Campaign|save the Wolseley Elm]] in Winnipeg.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/winnipeg-women-stop-removal-wolseley-elm-1957</ref> | |||
* 1971: The four-year long [[Green Bans|Green Ban]] movement begins across Australia, where construction workers refuse to work on projects harmful to the environment or local communities. | * 1971: The four-year long [[Green Bans|Green Ban]] movement begins across Australia, where construction workers refuse to work on projects harmful to the environment or local communities. | ||
* 1976: The [[Franklin River Campaign]] begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run. | * 1976: The [[Franklin River Campaign]] begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run. | ||
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* 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador [[Block 10 Campaign|protect land from oil drilling]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994</ref> | * 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador [[Block 10 Campaign|protect land from oil drilling]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994</ref> | ||
* 1991: The ten-year long [[Mun River Campaign]] in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001</ref> | * 1991: The ten-year long [[Mun River Campaign]] in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001</ref> | ||
* 1991: Indigenous Cree in Canada [[Lubicon Forest Campaign|protect Lubicon land from deforestation]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-allies-ontario-defend-lubicon-cree-land-against-logging-canada-1991-98</ref> | |||
* 1992: The [[Earth Liberation Front]] is founded in Brighton, England to use direct action and guerilla warfare to defend natural ecosystems. | * 1992: The [[Earth Liberation Front]] is founded in Brighton, England to use direct action and guerilla warfare to defend natural ecosystems. | ||
* 1993: Canadian environmentalists [[Clayoquot Sound Forest Campaign|protect the Clayoquot Sound Forest]] from deforestation.<ref name=":0">https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalists-defend-old-forest-clayoquot-sound-bc-canada-1993</ref><ref name=":0" /> | |||
* 1994: The [[Zapatista Revolution]] and resulting [[Chiapas Conflict]] have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]]. | * 1994: The [[Zapatista Revolution]] and resulting [[Chiapas Conflict]] have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]]. | ||
* 1995: The [[Junin Anti-Mine Movement]] begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining. | * 1995: The [[Junin Anti-Mine Movement]] begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining. | ||
* 1995: The [[Cascadia Free State]] is built to protect forests in Washington, USA | * 1995: The [[Cascadia Free State]] is built to protect forests in Washington, USA | ||
* 1995: Indigenous Nuxalk in Canada protect the Itsa Forest from deforestation.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/nuxalk-people-obstruct-logging-itsa-old-growth-forest-1995-1998</ref> | |||
* 1995: Indigenous U'was in Colombia [[U'wa Anti-Oil Campaign|protect traditional lands]] from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001</ref> | * 1995: Indigenous U'was in Colombia [[U'wa Anti-Oil Campaign|protect traditional lands]] from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001</ref> | ||
* 1995: The [[Global Ecovillage Network]] is founded following a conference in Scotland. | * 1995: The [[Global Ecovillage Network]] is founded following a conference in Scotland. | ||
* 1996: Indigenous Sarayaku in Ecuador [[Block 23 Campaign|protect 200,000 hectares of land]] from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sarayaku-people-successfully-defend-their-land-against-oil-extraction-ecuador-1996-2012</ref> | * 1996: Indigenous Sarayaku in Ecuador [[Block 23 Campaign|protect 200,000 hectares of land]] from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sarayaku-people-successfully-defend-their-land-against-oil-extraction-ecuador-1996-2012</ref> | ||
* 1998: The [[Green Belt Movement]] protects the Karura Forest in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/green-belt-movement-defends-karura-forest-nairobi-kenya-1998-1999</ref> | |||
* 1998: The [[Minnehaha Free State]] is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction. | * 1998: The [[Minnehaha Free State]] is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction. | ||
* 1999: Talamancan residents [[Talamanca Anti-Oil Movement|stop the drilling of oil]] in a region of Costa Rica.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002</ref> | * 1999: Talamancan residents [[Talamanca Anti-Oil Movement|stop the drilling of oil]] in a region of Costa Rica.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002</ref> | ||
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* 2002: The [[Esqul Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in [[Argentina]] stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006</ref> | * 2002: The [[Esqul Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in [[Argentina]] stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006</ref> | ||
* 2002: The [[Rosia Montana Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Romania attempt to stop the construction of a new cyanide mine over 11 years.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-environmentalists-protest-plan-mine-gold-using-cyanide-rosia-montana-heritage-area-</ref> | * 2002: The [[Rosia Montana Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Romania attempt to stop the construction of a new cyanide mine over 11 years.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-environmentalists-protest-plan-mine-gold-using-cyanide-rosia-montana-heritage-area-</ref> | ||
* 2002: Indigenous Asubpeeschoseewagon in Canada [[Grassy Narrows Campaign|blockade the Grassy Narrows]] territory to stop it from logging.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-youths-and-mothers-force-abitibi-consolidated-and-weyerhaeuser-stop-logging-grass</ref> | |||
* 2004: Canadian environmentalists [[Cathedral Grove Campaign|protect the Cathedral Grove forest remnants]] in British Columbia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/british-columbia-locals-save-ancient-forest-remnant-destruction-canada-2004-2006</ref> | |||
* 2005: Argentinians [[Uruguay River Campaign|block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills]] along the Uruguay River.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008</ref> | * 2005: Argentinians [[Uruguay River Campaign|block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills]] along the Uruguay River.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008</ref> | ||
* 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia [[Sakhalin Anti-Oil Movemenet|stop the construction]] of new oil drilling sites.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007</ref> | * 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia [[Sakhalin Anti-Oil Movemenet|stop the construction]] of new oil drilling sites.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007</ref> | ||
* 2006: South Korean environmentalists [[Gyeyang Mountain Campaign|protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch</ref> | * 2006: South Korean environmentalists [[Gyeyang Mountain Campaign|protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch</ref> | ||
* 2007: Indigenous Algonquins try to [[Ontario Anti-Mine Movement (2007)|block uranium mining]] in Ontario, Canada.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/algonquins-campaign-against-uranium-mining-ontario-canada-2007-2008</ref> | |||
* 2008: Indigenous Peruvians [[Peruvian Rainforest Defense (2008)|strike to protect]] the rainforests. | * 2008: Indigenous Peruvians [[Peruvian Rainforest Defense (2008)|strike to protect]] the rainforests. | ||
* 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to [[Chengdu Stroll|stop the construction]] of a petrochemical plant.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008</ref> | * 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to [[Chengdu Stroll|stop the construction]] of a petrochemical plant.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008</ref> | ||
* 2008: The [[Xingu River Campaign]] begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2</ref> | * 2008: The [[Xingu River Campaign]] begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2</ref> | ||
* 2009: [[Unist'ot'en]] is founded by indigenous Americans in so called 'British Columbia, Canada' to protect forests from oil development. | * 2009: [[Unist'ot'en]] is founded by indigenous Americans in so called 'British Columbia, Canada' to protect forests from oil development. | ||
* 2009: Canadian environmentalists [[Seal Protection Campaign (2009)|campaign against seal hunting]] and manage to block it in several countries.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadian-environmentalists-campaign-against-seal-hunting-2009</ref> | |||
* 2009: Anishinaabe Kweag in Canada [[Alliston Aquifer Campaign|protect the Alliston Aquifer]] from a waste dump. | |||
=== 2010s === | === 2010s === | ||
* 2010: National Parks in New Zealand are [[New Zealand National Parks Campaign (2010)|protected from mining]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/new-zealanders-prevent-opening-national-parks-mining-2010</ref> | |||
* 2010: The [[Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010</ref> | * 2010: The [[Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010</ref> | ||
* 2010: The [[Khimki Forest Campaign]] begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation. | * 2010: The [[Khimki Forest Campaign]] begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation. | ||
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* 2012: The [[Rojava Revolution]] is deeply influenced by environmentalism. | * 2012: The [[Rojava Revolution]] is deeply influenced by environmentalism. | ||
* 2013: The [[Gezi Park Uprising]] attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction. | * 2013: The [[Gezi Park Uprising]] attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction. | ||
* 2013: The [[Mi'kmaq Uprising (2013)|Mi'kmaq Uprising]] protects traditional land from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mi-kmaq-indigenous-campaign-prevents-hydraulic-fracturing-elsipogtog-new-brunswick-2013</ref> | |||
* 2016: The '[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria#Environmentalism|Make Rojava Green Again]]' campaign begins to protect and restore the environment in Rojava. | * 2016: The '[[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria#Environmentalism|Make Rojava Green Again]]' campaign begins to protect and restore the environment in Rojava. | ||
Revision as of 16:09, 4 June 2019
A timeline of major actions in the environmental movement.
Pre-1900s
- 6th Century BCE: The Athenian Polis votes to protect nearby hills and mountains around Athens from deforestation and overgrazing as possibly the first acts of environmental protection in history.
1900s
- 1936: The CNT oversees green projects in Revolutionary Spain, including the construction of greenhouses, reforestation, permaculture and the shutting down of polluting metal factories.
- 1957: Canadian women save the Wolseley Elm in Winnipeg.[1]
- 1971: The four-year long Green Ban movement begins across Australia, where construction workers refuse to work on projects harmful to the environment or local communities.
- 1976: The Franklin River Campaign begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run.
- 1977: The Xapuri Forest Campaign begins in Brazil, as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.[2]
- 1979: The Alta River Campaign begins the Arctic Region of Norway as indigenous Saami and environmentalists stop the construction of a dam.[3]
- 1980: Earth First! is founded to stop environmental destruction across the world via direct action.
- 1982: The Itoiz Ecovillages are founded in rural Spain, to show the world what a sustainable society might look like.
- 1984: The Danube River Campaign blocks the construction of the Danube Dam in Hungary.[4]
- 1987: Environmentalists successfully block the destruction of the forests in the Bukidnon region in the Philippines.[5]
- 1987: The Phosphorite War begins in Estonia, leading to a complete ban on Phosophorite Mining and the downfall of the 'socialist' government.[6]
- 1988: Environmentalists successfully block the destruction of the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia.
- 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador protect land from oil drilling.[7]
- 1991: The ten-year long Mun River Campaign in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.[8]
- 1991: Indigenous Cree in Canada protect Lubicon land from deforestation.[9]
- 1992: The Earth Liberation Front is founded in Brighton, England to use direct action and guerilla warfare to defend natural ecosystems.
- 1993: Canadian environmentalists protect the Clayoquot Sound Forest from deforestation.[10][10]
- 1994: The Zapatista Revolution and resulting Chiapas Conflict have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the EZLN.
- 1995: The Junin Anti-Mine Movement begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining.
- 1995: The Cascadia Free State is built to protect forests in Washington, USA
- 1995: Indigenous Nuxalk in Canada protect the Itsa Forest from deforestation.[11]
- 1995: Indigenous U'was in Colombia protect traditional lands from oil drilling.[12]
- 1995: The Global Ecovillage Network is founded following a conference in Scotland.
- 1996: Indigenous Sarayaku in Ecuador protect 200,000 hectares of land from oil drilling.[13]
- 1998: The Green Belt Movement protects the Karura Forest in Nairobi, Kenya.[14]
- 1998: The Minnehaha Free State is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction.
- 1999: Talamancan residents stop the drilling of oil in a region of Costa Rica.[15]
2000s
- 2000: The Jökla River Campaign begins in Iceland as environmentalists resist the construction of a dam and aluminum smelting plant.[16]
- 2001: Can Masdeu is founded as a squat in Barcelona, Spain to raise awareness around climate change.
- 2002: The Esqul Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Argentina stop the construction of a new gold mine.[17]
- 2002: The Rosia Montana Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Romania attempt to stop the construction of a new cyanide mine over 11 years.[18]
- 2002: Indigenous Asubpeeschoseewagon in Canada blockade the Grassy Narrows territory to stop it from logging.[19]
- 2004: Canadian environmentalists protect the Cathedral Grove forest remnants in British Columbia.[20]
- 2005: Argentinians block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills along the Uruguay River.[21]
- 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia stop the construction of new oil drilling sites.[22]
- 2006: South Korean environmentalists protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development.[23]
- 2007: Indigenous Algonquins try to block uranium mining in Ontario, Canada.[24]
- 2008: Indigenous Peruvians strike to protect the rainforests.
- 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to stop the construction of a petrochemical plant.[25]
- 2008: The Xingu River Campaign begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.[26]
- 2009: Unist'ot'en is founded by indigenous Americans in so called 'British Columbia, Canada' to protect forests from oil development.
- 2009: Canadian environmentalists campaign against seal hunting and manage to block it in several countries.[27]
- 2009: Anishinaabe Kweag in Canada protect the Alliston Aquifer from a waste dump.
2010s
- 2010: National Parks in New Zealand are protected from mining.[28]
- 2010: The Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.[29]
- 2010: The Khimki Forest Campaign begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation.
- 2011: The Cherán Revolution is partially inspired by efforts to protect local forests from deforestation.
- 2011: The Puna Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru stop the construction of a new silver mine.[30]
- 2011: The Cajamarca Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru work to stop the construction of a new gold mine.[31]
- 2011: Isiboro Secure Park is defended from destruction by armed indigenous militants in La Paz, Bolivia.[32]
- 2012: Students in Shifang, China stop the construction of a copper factory.[33]
- 2012: The Rojava Revolution is deeply influenced by environmentalism.
- 2013: The Gezi Park Uprising attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction.
- 2013: The Mi'kmaq Uprising protects traditional land from oil drilling.[34]
- 2016: The 'Make Rojava Green Again' campaign begins to protect and restore the environment in Rojava.
References
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/winnipeg-women-stop-removal-wolseley-elm-1957
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/saami-and-norwegians-protest-construction-alta-dam-norway-1979-1981
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalist-groups-prevent-construction-danube-river-dam-hungary-1984-1989
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bukidnon-residents-protest-logging-activity-philippines-1987-1989
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/estonians-stop-toxic-phosphorite-mining-1987-88
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-allies-ontario-defend-lubicon-cree-land-against-logging-canada-1991-98
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalists-defend-old-forest-clayoquot-sound-bc-canada-1993
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/nuxalk-people-obstruct-logging-itsa-old-growth-forest-1995-1998
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sarayaku-people-successfully-defend-their-land-against-oil-extraction-ecuador-1996-2012
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/green-belt-movement-defends-karura-forest-nairobi-kenya-1998-1999
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/icelanders-protest-karahnjukar-hydropower-project-2000-2006
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-environmentalists-protest-plan-mine-gold-using-cyanide-rosia-montana-heritage-area-
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-youths-and-mothers-force-abitibi-consolidated-and-weyerhaeuser-stop-logging-grass
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/british-columbia-locals-save-ancient-forest-remnant-destruction-canada-2004-2006
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/algonquins-campaign-against-uranium-mining-ontario-canada-2007-2008
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadian-environmentalists-campaign-against-seal-hunting-2009
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/new-zealanders-prevent-opening-national-parks-mining-2010
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/shifang-students-prevent-copper-plant-construction-china-2012
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mi-kmaq-indigenous-campaign-prevents-hydraulic-fracturing-elsipogtog-new-brunswick-2013