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* 1976: The [[Franklin River Campaign]] begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run. | * 1976: The [[Franklin River Campaign]] begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run. | ||
* 1977: The [[Xapuri Forest Campaign]] begins in [[Brazil]], as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198</ref> | * 1977: The [[Xapuri Forest Campaign]] begins in [[Brazil]], as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198</ref> | ||
* 1979: The [[Alta River Campaign]] begins the Arctic Region of [[Norway]] as indigenous Saami and environmentalists stop the construction of a dam.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/saami-and-norwegians-protest-construction-alta-dam-norway-1979-1981</ref> | |||
* 1980: [[Earth First!]] is founded to stop environmental destruction across the world via direct action. | * 1980: [[Earth First!]] is founded to stop environmental destruction across the world via direct action. | ||
* 1982: The [[Itoiz Ecovillages]] are founded in rural Spain, to show the world what a sustainable society might look like. | * 1982: The [[Itoiz Ecovillages]] are founded in rural Spain, to show the world what a sustainable society might look like. | ||
* 1984: The [[Danube River Campaign]] blocks the construction of the Danube Dam in Hungary.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalist-groups-prevent-construction-danube-river-dam-hungary-1984-1989</ref> | |||
* 1987: Environmentalists [[Bukidnon Forest Campaign|successfully block the destruction of the forests]] in the Bukidnon region in the Philippines.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bukidnon-residents-protest-logging-activity-philippines-1987-1989</ref> | |||
* 1987: The Phosphorite War begins in Estonia, leading to a complete ban on Phosophorite Mining and the downfall of the 'socialist' government.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/estonians-stop-toxic-phosphorite-mining-1987-88</ref> | |||
* 1988: Environmentalists [[Coast Road Blockade (1988)|successfully block the destruction]] of the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, [[Australia]]. | * 1988: Environmentalists [[Coast Road Blockade (1988)|successfully block the destruction]] of the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, [[Australia]]. | ||
* 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador [[Block 10 Campaign|protect land from oil drilling]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994</ref> | |||
* 1991: The ten-year long [[Mun River Campaign]] in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001</ref> | |||
* 1992: The [[Earth Liberation Front]] is founded in Brighton, England to use direct action and guerilla warfare to defend natural ecosystems. | * 1992: The [[Earth Liberation Front]] is founded in Brighton, England to use direct action and guerilla warfare to defend natural ecosystems. | ||
* 1994: The [[Zapatista Revolution]] and resulting [[Chiapas Conflict]] have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]]. | * 1994: The [[Zapatista Revolution]] and resulting [[Chiapas Conflict]] have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]]. | ||
* 1995: The [[Junin Anti-Mine Movement]] begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining. | * 1995: The [[Junin Anti-Mine Movement]] begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining. | ||
* 1995: The [[Cascadia Free State]] is built to protect forests in Washington, USA | * 1995: The [[Cascadia Free State]] is built to protect forests in Washington, USA | ||
* 1995: Indigenous U'was in Colombia [[U'wa Anti-Oil Campaign|protect traditional lands]] from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001</ref> | |||
* 1995: The [[Global Ecovillage Network]] is founded following a conference in Scotland. | * 1995: The [[Global Ecovillage Network]] is founded following a conference in Scotland. | ||
* 1996: Indigenous Sarayaku in Ecuador [[Block 23 Campaign|protect 200,000 hectares of land]] from oil drilling.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sarayaku-people-successfully-defend-their-land-against-oil-extraction-ecuador-1996-2012</ref> | |||
* 1998: The [[Minnehaha Free State]] is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction. | * 1998: The [[Minnehaha Free State]] is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction. | ||
* 1999: Talamancan residents [[Talamanca Anti-Oil Movement|stop the drilling of oil]] in a region of Costa Rica.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002</ref> | |||
== 2000s == | == 2000s == | ||
* 2000: The [[Jökla River Campaign]] begins in Iceland as environmentalists resist the construction of a dam and aluminum smelting plant.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/icelanders-protest-karahnjukar-hydropower-project-2000-2006</ref> | |||
* 2001: [[Can Masdeu]] is founded as a squat in Barcelona, Spain to raise awareness around climate change. | * 2001: [[Can Masdeu]] is founded as a squat in Barcelona, Spain to raise awareness around climate change. | ||
* 2002: The [[Esqul Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in [[Argentina]] stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006</ref> | * 2002: The [[Esqul Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in [[Argentina]] stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006</ref> | ||
* 2002: The [[Rosia Montana Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Romania attempt to stop the construction of a new cyanide mine over 11 years.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-environmentalists-protest-plan-mine-gold-using-cyanide-rosia-montana-heritage-area-</ref> | |||
* 2005: Argentinians [[Uruguay River Campaign|block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills]] along the Uruguay River.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008</ref> | * 2005: Argentinians [[Uruguay River Campaign|block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills]] along the Uruguay River.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008</ref> | ||
* 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia [[Sakhalin Anti-Oil Movemenet|stop the construction]] of new oil drilling sites.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007</ref> | |||
* 2006: South Korean environmentalists [[Gyeyang Mountain Campaign|protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development]].<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch</ref> | |||
* 2008: Indigenous Peruvians [[Peruvian Rainforest Defense (2008)|strike to protect]] the rainforests. | * 2008: Indigenous Peruvians [[Peruvian Rainforest Defense (2008)|strike to protect]] the rainforests. | ||
* 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to [[Chengdu Stroll|stop the construction]] of a petrochemical plant.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008</ref> | |||
* 2008: The [[Xingu River Campaign]] begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2</ref> | * 2008: The [[Xingu River Campaign]] begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2</ref> | ||
* 2009: [[Unist'ot'en]] is founded by indigenous Americans in so called 'British Columbia, Canada' to protect forests from oil development. | * 2009: [[Unist'ot'en]] is founded by indigenous Americans in so called 'British Columbia, Canada' to protect forests from oil development. | ||
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=== 2010s === | === 2010s === | ||
* 2010: The [[Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010</ref> | * 2010: The [[Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010</ref> | ||
* 2010: The [[Khimki Forest Campaign]] begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation. | |||
* 2011: The [[Cherán Revolution]] is partially inspired by efforts to protect local forests from deforestation. | * 2011: The [[Cherán Revolution]] is partially inspired by efforts to protect local forests from deforestation. | ||
* 2011: The Puna Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru stop the construction of a new silver mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011</ref> | * 2011: The Puna Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru stop the construction of a new silver mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011</ref> | ||
* 2011: The [[Cajamarca Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Peru work to stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012</ref> | * 2011: The [[Cajamarca Anti-Mine Movement]] begins as citizens in Peru work to stop the construction of a new gold mine.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012</ref> | ||
* 2011: Isiboro Secure Park [[Battle for Isiboro Park|is defended]] from destruction by armed indigenous militants in La Paz, Bolivia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011</ref> | * 2011: Isiboro Secure Park [[Battle for Isiboro Park|is defended]] from destruction by armed indigenous militants in La Paz, Bolivia.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011</ref> | ||
* 2012: Students in Shifang, China [[Shifang Copper Campaign|stop the construction]] of a copper factory.<ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/shifang-students-prevent-copper-plant-construction-china-2012</ref> | |||
* 2012: The [[Rojava Revolution]] is deeply influenced by environmentalism. | * 2012: The [[Rojava Revolution]] is deeply influenced by environmentalism. | ||
* 2013: The [[Gezi Park Uprising]] attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction. | * 2013: The [[Gezi Park Uprising]] attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction. | ||
Revision as of 15:41, 4 June 2019
A timeline of major actions in the environmental movement.
Pre-1900s
- 6th Century BCE: The Athenian Polis votes to protect nearby hills and mountains around Athens from deforestation and overgrazing as possibly the first acts of environmental protection in history.
1900s
- 1936: The CNT oversees green projects in Revolutionary Spain, including the construction of greenhouses, reforestation, permaculture and the shutting down of polluting metal factories.
- 1971: The four-year long Green Ban movement begins across Australia, where construction workers refuse to work on projects harmful to the environment or local communities.
- 1976: The Franklin River Campaign begins in Tasmania, Australia to block the construction of a destructive dam. It is highly successful over its 7-year run.
- 1977: The Xapuri Forest Campaign begins in Brazil, as timber workers attempt to protect forests from deforestation and gain better working conditions.[1]
- 1979: The Alta River Campaign begins the Arctic Region of Norway as indigenous Saami and environmentalists stop the construction of a dam.[2]
- 1980: Earth First! is founded to stop environmental destruction across the world via direct action.
- 1982: The Itoiz Ecovillages are founded in rural Spain, to show the world what a sustainable society might look like.
- 1984: The Danube River Campaign blocks the construction of the Danube Dam in Hungary.[3]
- 1987: Environmentalists successfully block the destruction of the forests in the Bukidnon region in the Philippines.[4]
- 1987: The Phosphorite War begins in Estonia, leading to a complete ban on Phosophorite Mining and the downfall of the 'socialist' government.[5]
- 1988: Environmentalists successfully block the destruction of the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia.
- 1989: Indigenous people in Ecuador protect land from oil drilling.[6]
- 1991: The ten-year long Mun River Campaign in Thailand begins as environmentalists protest the construction of destructive dams.[7]
- 1992: The Earth Liberation Front is founded in Brighton, England to use direct action and guerilla warfare to defend natural ecosystems.
- 1994: The Zapatista Revolution and resulting Chiapas Conflict have strong elements of environmentalism among indigenous participants, notably the EZLN.
- 1995: The Junin Anti-Mine Movement begins, a 12-year long campaign to protect a community in Ecuador from mining.
- 1995: The Cascadia Free State is built to protect forests in Washington, USA
- 1995: Indigenous U'was in Colombia protect traditional lands from oil drilling.[8]
- 1995: The Global Ecovillage Network is founded following a conference in Scotland.
- 1996: Indigenous Sarayaku in Ecuador protect 200,000 hectares of land from oil drilling.[9]
- 1998: The Minnehaha Free State is built to protect forests and indigenous land from highway construction.
- 1999: Talamancan residents stop the drilling of oil in a region of Costa Rica.[10]
2000s
- 2000: The Jökla River Campaign begins in Iceland as environmentalists resist the construction of a dam and aluminum smelting plant.[11]
- 2001: Can Masdeu is founded as a squat in Barcelona, Spain to raise awareness around climate change.
- 2002: The Esqul Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Argentina stop the construction of a new gold mine.[12]
- 2002: The Rosia Montana Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Romania attempt to stop the construction of a new cyanide mine over 11 years.[13]
- 2005: Argentinians block the construction of environmentally destructive paper mills along the Uruguay River.[14]
- 2005: Indigenous Sakhalin's in Russia stop the construction of new oil drilling sites.[15]
- 2006: South Korean environmentalists protect Gyeyang Mountain against golf course development.[16]
- 2008: Indigenous Peruvians strike to protect the rainforests.
- 2008: Students in Chengdu, China begin a campaign to stop the construction of a petrochemical plant.[17]
- 2008: The Xingu River Campaign begins as indigenous Brazilians attempt to protect the Xingu River from damming.[18]
- 2009: Unist'ot'en is founded by indigenous Americans in so called 'British Columbia, Canada' to protect forests from oil development.
2010s
- 2010: The Las Crucitas Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Costa Rica work to stop the construction of a new a gold mine.[19]
- 2010: The Khimki Forest Campaign begins as citizens in Russia attempt to stop deforestation.
- 2011: The Cherán Revolution is partially inspired by efforts to protect local forests from deforestation.
- 2011: The Puna Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru stop the construction of a new silver mine.[20]
- 2011: The Cajamarca Anti-Mine Movement begins as citizens in Peru work to stop the construction of a new gold mine.[21]
- 2011: Isiboro Secure Park is defended from destruction by armed indigenous militants in La Paz, Bolivia.[22]
- 2012: Students in Shifang, China stop the construction of a copper factory.[23]
- 2012: The Rojava Revolution is deeply influenced by environmentalism.
- 2013: The Gezi Park Uprising attempts to protect city parks and rural forests in Turkey from destruction.
- 2016: The 'Make Rojava Green Again' campaign begins to protect and restore the environment in Rojava.
References
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-rubber-tappers-campaign-protest-deforestation-brazilian-rainforest-region-1977-198
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/saami-and-norwegians-protest-construction-alta-dam-norway-1979-1981
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/environmentalist-groups-prevent-construction-danube-river-dam-hungary-1984-1989
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bukidnon-residents-protest-logging-activity-philippines-1987-1989
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/estonians-stop-toxic-phosphorite-mining-1987-88
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ecuadorian-indigenous-peoples-resist-oil-drilling-amazon-1989-1994
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/thai-villagers-protest-pak-mun-dam-1991-2001
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/sarayaku-people-successfully-defend-their-land-against-oil-extraction-ecuador-1996-2012
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-rican-communities-defeat-us-oil-companies-protect-local-environment-1999-2002
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/icelanders-protest-karahnjukar-hydropower-project-2000-2006
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/esquel-community-opposes-gold-mining-argentina-2002-2006
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/romanian-environmentalists-protest-plan-mine-gold-using-cyanide-rosia-montana-heritage-area-
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/argentines-protest-uruguayan-paper-mills-2005-2008
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-peoples-sakhalin-russia-campaign-against-oil-extraction-2005-2007
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-korean-environmentalists-protect-gyeyang-mountain-against-golf-course-development-inch
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/chinese-middle-class-and-farmers-protest-petrochemical-plant-chengdu-chengdu-stroll-2008
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilian-indigenous-protest-construction-belo-monte-dam-xingu-river-brazilian-amazon-2008-2
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/costa-ricans-protest-open-pit-gold-mining-2010
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-protest-silver-mining-project-may-june-2011
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/peruvians-cajamarca-stop-building-giant-gold-mine-2011-2012
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indigenous-bolivians-challenge-road-through-isiboro-secure-park-2011
- ↑ https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/shifang-students-prevent-copper-plant-construction-china-2012