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'''Authoritarian Socialism''' or '''State Socialism''' refers to an effort to build a socialist society that differs from libertarian socialists on four main areas:
'''Authoritarian Socialism''', on which the USSR is based, is one of the three major socialist ideologies, alongside [[Democratic Socialism|democratic socialism]] and [[Anarchism|anarchism]]. Of the three, it has been by far the most historically influential, even becoming one of the two major forces of the [[Cold War]] and being largely responsible for winning [[World War II]]. It refers to an effort to build a socialist society that differs from anarchists on four main areas:
* The [[State (Polity)|state's]] role in history is viewed completely differently. For authoritarian socialists, the state was a product of [[Class|class divisions]] which emerged alongside the development of [[agriculture]] and cannot be gotten rid of in the short run without having huge side effects which would destroy socialism. Whereas libertarian socialists view the state as an independent entity that accumulates power on its own will and predates class.
* The [[State (Polity)|state's]] role in history is viewed completely differently. For authoritarian socialists, the state was a product of [[Class|class divisions]] which emerged alongside the development of [[agriculture]] and cannot be gotten rid of in the short run without having huge side effects which would destroy socialism. Whereas anarchists view the state as an independent entity that accumulates power on its own will and predates class.
* Decisions are not to be made via popular assemblies and regional confederations, but instead through a one-party dictatorship with little to no input from the general public. According to authoritarian socialists, this is necessary to maintain the organizational efficiency necessary to defend socialism from [[Counter-Revolution|counter-revolutionaries]] and warmongering capitalists.
* Decisions are not to be made via popular assemblies and regional confederations, but instead through a one-party dictatorship with little to no input from the general public. According to authoritarian socialists, this is necessary to maintain the organizational efficiency necessary to defend socialism from [[Counter-Revolution|counter-revolutionaries]] and warmongering capitalists.
* Industry is to be [[Nationalization|nationalized]] and operated according to the will of the state. Industry may have some degree of [[Workers' Self-Management|workers' self-management]], as in [[Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. This is done in order to ensure the most effective use of resources towards building socialism.
* Industry is to be [[Nationalization|nationalized]] and operated according to the will of the state. Industry may have some degree of [[Workers' Self-Management|workers' self-management]], as in [[Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. This is done in order to ensure the most effective use of resources towards building socialism.
* Dissent is to be harshly punished in order to create a stable and harmonious society and to protect the gains made for workers.
* Dissent is to be harshly punished in order to create a stable and harmonious society and to protect the gains made for workers.


== History ==
== Historical Examples ==
* [[Socialist Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] (1978 - 1992)
* [[Socialist Albania|Albania]]
* [[Socialist Algeria|Algeria]]
* [[Socialist Angola|Angola]]
* [[Socialist Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
* [[Socialist Benin|Benin]] (1974 - 1991)
* [[Socialist Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] (1983 - 1987)
* [[Socialist Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
* [[Socialist Cambodia|Cambodia]]
* [[Socialist Cape Verde|Cape Verde]]
* [[China]] (1949 - 1978, or Present)
* [[Socialist Congo|Congo]]
* [[Cuba]] (1959 - Present)
* [[Socialist Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]]
* [[East Germany]]
* [[Socialist Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Socialist Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
* [[Socialist Grenada|Grenada]]
* [[Socialist Guinea|Guinea]]
* [[Socialist Guyana|Guyana]]
* [[Socialist Hungary|Hungary]]
* [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]] (1968 - 2003)
* [[Laos]]
* [[Socialist Libya|Libya]] (1969 - 2011)
* [[Socialist Madagascar|Madagascar]]
* [[Socialist Mali|Mali]]
* [[Socialist Mongolia|Mongolia]] (1924 - 1991)
* [[Socialist Mozambique|Mozambique]] (1975 - 1991)
* [[Socialist Myanmar|Myanmar]]
* [[North Korea]]
* [[Socialist Peru|Peru]]
* [[Socialist Poland|Poland]] (1947 - 1989)
* [[Socialist Romania|Romania]]
* [[Socialist Seychelles|Seychelles]]
* [[Socialist Somalia|Somalia]]
* [[South Yemen]] (1969 - 1991)
* [[Socialist Sudan|Sudan]]
* [[Socialist Tanzania|Tanzania]]
* [[USSR]] (1917 - 1991)
* [[Vietnam]] (1975 - Present)
* [[Socialist Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] (1945 - 1990)
* [[Socialist Zambia|Zambia]]
* [[Socialist Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]


== Schools of Thought ==
== Applications ==
It is no secrete that authoritarian socialism has been tried many more times and on much larger scales than libertarian socialism, these are the results of those experiments:
=== Afghanistan ===
=== Albania ===
=== Algeria ===
=== Angola ===
=== Bangladesh ===
=== Benin ===
=== Burkina Faso ===
=== Bulgaria ===
=== Burma ===
=== Cambodia ===
=== Cape Verde ===
=== China ===
=== Congo ===
=== Cuba ===
=== Czechoslovakia ===
=== East Germany ===
=== Egypt ===
=== Ethiopia ===
=== Grenada ===
=== Guyana ===
=== Hungary ===
=== India ===
=== Iraq ===
=== Laos ===
=== Libya ===
=== Madagascar ===
=== Mongolia ===
=== Mozambique ===
=== Nepal ===
=== Nicaragua ===
=== North Korea ===
=== Poland ===
=== Portugal ===
=== Romania ===
=== Seychelles ===
=== Somalia ===
=== South Yemen ===
=== Sri Lanka ===
=== Sudan ===
=== Syria ===
=== Tanzania ===
=== USSR ===
=== Vietnam ===
=== Yugoslavia ===
=== Zambia ===
In 1964, [[Zambia]] was granted independence from the [[British Empire]] as part of [[Decolonisation in Africa|decolonisation]]. The ideology of [[African Socialism]] was adopted, building an economy based around central planning and nationalisation modeled of [[Julius Nyerere|Julius Nyerere's]] policies in Tanzania as well as building relations with [[China]] and [[Yugoslavia]]. In 1972 Zambia became a dictatorship, banning all political parties and firing dissidents in the government. The policies of import substitution worked until 1975, where the economy contracted by 30% between 1975 and 1990. This was because copper prices fell due to the USSR flooding the market, leading Zambia to take on loans from the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and World Bank, leading to the imposition of [[Structural Adjustment Program|Structural Adjustments]].
Zambia also allied itself with anti-colonial movements in Africa, allowing [[African National Congress|ANC]] members from South Africa to take shelter in the country, leading to occasional raids by South African special forces. The Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army had a military base in the country, and shot down two civilian airlines with USSR supplied heat-seeking missiles. This led to the closing of Zambia's borders, leading to electricity and food shortages as refugees poured into the country from [[Angolan Civil War|Angola]].<ref>[[Wikipedia]] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Zambia</ref>
== Criticism ==
== Criticism ==
The main criticism of authoritarian socialism advanced by [[Libertarian Socialism|libertarian socialists]] are:
The main criticism of authoritarian socialism advanced by [[Anarchism|anarchistss]] are:
* The authoritarian socialist conception of the state is based on outdated or misleading historical data. More recent evidence shows that the state emerged long before class divisions, and is usually based on factors such as [[Religion|religious]] worship.<ref>[[Pierre Clastres]] (1974) [[Society Against The State]]</ref><ref>[[David Graeber]] (2011) [[Debt: The First 5000 Years]]</ref><ref>[[Peter Gelderloos]] (2017) [[Worshiping Power: An Anarchist View of Early State Formation]]</ref>
* The authoritarian socialist conception of the state is based on outdated or misleading historical data. More recent evidence shows that the state emerged long before class divisions, and is usually based on factors such as [[Religion|religious]] worship.<ref>[[Pierre Clastres]] (1974) [[Society Against The State]]</ref><ref>[[Peter Gelderloos]] (2017) [[Worshiping Power: An Anarchist View of Early State Formation]]</ref>
* If decision-making power is not distributed among the population, it will create a small elite isolated from the consequences of their actions who will quickly become consumed by greed and paranoia, violently maintaining their control over the population and ultimately reinstating [[capitalism]] to ensure their own wealth and power.<ref>[[Mikhail Bakunin]] (1873) [[Statism and Anarchy]]</ref>
* If decision-making power is not distributed among the population, it will create a small elite isolated from the consequences of their actions who will quickly become consumed by greed and paranoia, violently maintaining their control over the population and ultimately reinstating [[capitalism]] to ensure their own wealth and power.<ref>[[Mikhail Bakunin]] (1873) [[Statism and Anarchy]]</ref>
* The belief that hierarchical organizations are more efficient that non-hierarchical ones is conflicting with existing evidence<ref>[[Kevin Carson]] (2008) [[Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective]]</ref>, especially within the military, where decentralized forces frequently defeat centralized ones despite having access to inferior equipment, knowledge and army size.<ref>[[Peter Gelderloos]] (2010) [[Anarchy Works]]</ref>
* The belief that hierarchical organizations are more efficient that non-hierarchical ones is conflicting with existing evidence<ref>[[Kevin Carson]] (2008) [[Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective]]</ref>, especially within the military, where decentralized forces frequently defeat centralized ones despite having access to inferior equipment, knowledge and army size.<ref>[[Peter Gelderloos]] (2010) [[Anarchy Works]]</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Ideologies]]
[[Category:Ideologies]]
[[Category:Libertarian Socialist Wiki]]
[[Category:AnarWiki]]
[[Category:Authoritarian Socialism]]
[[Category:Authoritarian Socialism]]

Latest revision as of 14:54, 13 December 2024

Authoritarian Socialism, on which the USSR is based, is one of the three major socialist ideologies, alongside democratic socialism and anarchism. Of the three, it has been by far the most historically influential, even becoming one of the two major forces of the Cold War and being largely responsible for winning World War II. It refers to an effort to build a socialist society that differs from anarchists on four main areas:

  • The state's role in history is viewed completely differently. For authoritarian socialists, the state was a product of class divisions which emerged alongside the development of agriculture and cannot be gotten rid of in the short run without having huge side effects which would destroy socialism. Whereas anarchists view the state as an independent entity that accumulates power on its own will and predates class.
  • Decisions are not to be made via popular assemblies and regional confederations, but instead through a one-party dictatorship with little to no input from the general public. According to authoritarian socialists, this is necessary to maintain the organizational efficiency necessary to defend socialism from counter-revolutionaries and warmongering capitalists.
  • Industry is to be nationalized and operated according to the will of the state. Industry may have some degree of workers' self-management, as in Yugoslavia. This is done in order to ensure the most effective use of resources towards building socialism.
  • Dissent is to be harshly punished in order to create a stable and harmonious society and to protect the gains made for workers.

Historical Examples

Criticism

The main criticism of authoritarian socialism advanced by anarchistss are:

  • The authoritarian socialist conception of the state is based on outdated or misleading historical data. More recent evidence shows that the state emerged long before class divisions, and is usually based on factors such as religious worship.[1][2]
  • If decision-making power is not distributed among the population, it will create a small elite isolated from the consequences of their actions who will quickly become consumed by greed and paranoia, violently maintaining their control over the population and ultimately reinstating capitalism to ensure their own wealth and power.[3]
  • The belief that hierarchical organizations are more efficient that non-hierarchical ones is conflicting with existing evidence[4], especially within the military, where decentralized forces frequently defeat centralized ones despite having access to inferior equipment, knowledge and army size.[5]
  • Nationalization of industry or limited workers' self-management only creates a bitter and alienated workforce, who may begin to sympathize strongly with far-right anti-communist ideas.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Pierre Clastres (1974) Society Against The State
  2. ↑ Peter Gelderloos (2017) Worshiping Power: An Anarchist View of Early State Formation
  3. ↑ Mikhail Bakunin (1873) Statism and Anarchy
  4. ↑ Kevin Carson (2008) Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective
  5. ↑ Peter Gelderloos (2010) Anarchy Works
  6. ↑ Immanuel Ness (2010) Ours to Master and to Own: Workers' Control from the Commune to the Present - Part III: Goran Music - Yugoslavia: Workers’ Self-Management as State Paradigm
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